1 from __future__ import division
7 from twisted.python import log
10 from p2pool import skiplists
11 from p2pool.bitcoin import data as bitcoin_data, script
12 from p2pool.util import math, forest, pack
15 share_data_type = pack.ComposedType([
16 ('previous_share_hash', pack.PossiblyNoneType(0, pack.IntType(256))),
17 ('coinbase', pack.VarStrType()),
18 ('nonce', pack.VarStrType()),
19 ('new_script', pack.VarStrType()),
20 ('subsidy', pack.IntType(64)),
21 ('donation', pack.IntType(16)),
22 ('stale_info', pack.IntType(8)), # 0 nothing, 253 orphan, 254 doa
25 share_info_type = pack.ComposedType([
26 ('share_data', share_data_type),
27 ('bits', bitcoin_data.FloatingIntegerType()),
28 ('timestamp', pack.IntType(32)),
31 share1a_type = pack.ComposedType([
32 ('header', bitcoin_data.block_header_type),
33 ('share_info', share_info_type),
34 ('merkle_branch', bitcoin_data.merkle_branch_type),
37 share1b_type = pack.ComposedType([
38 ('header', bitcoin_data.block_header_type),
39 ('share_info', share_info_type),
40 ('other_txs', pack.ListType(bitcoin_data.tx_type)),
47 share_type = pack.ComposedType([
48 ('type', pack.VarIntType()),
49 ('contents', pack.VarStrType()),
53 __slots__ = 'header share_info merkle_branch other_txs timestamp share_data previous_hash target pow_hash header_hash hash time_seen peer net new_script max_target'.split(' ')
56 def from_share(cls, share, net):
57 if share['type'] == 0:
58 res = cls(net, **share1a_type.unpack(share['contents']))
59 if not (res.pow_hash > res.header['bits'].target):
60 raise ValueError('invalid share type')
62 elif share['type'] == 1:
63 share1b = share1b_type.unpack(share['contents'])
64 res = cls(net, merkle_branch=bitcoin_data.calculate_merkle_branch([0] + [bitcoin_data.hash256(bitcoin_data.tx_type.pack(x)) for x in share1b['other_txs']], 0), **share1b)
65 if not (res.pow_hash <= res.header['bits'].target):
66 raise ValueError('invalid share type')
69 raise ValueError('unknown share type: %r' % (share['type'],))
71 def __init__(self, net, header, share_info, merkle_branch, other_txs=None):
74 if p2pool.DEBUG and other_txs is not None and bitcoin_data.calculate_merkle_branch([0] + [bitcoin_data.hash256(bitcoin_data.tx_type.pack(x)) for x in other_txs], 0) != merkle_branch:
75 raise ValueError('merkle_branch and other_txs do not match')
77 if len(merkle_branch) > 16:
78 raise ValueError('merkle_branch too long!')
81 self.share_info = share_info
82 self.merkle_branch = merkle_branch
84 self.share_data = self.share_info['share_data']
85 self.target = self.max_target = self.share_info['bits'].target
86 self.timestamp = self.share_info['timestamp']
88 if len(self.share_data['new_script']) > 100:
89 raise ValueError('new_script too long!')
90 if script.get_sigop_count(self.share_data['new_script']) > 1:
91 raise ValueError('too many sigops!')
92 self.new_script = self.share_data['new_script']
94 self.previous_hash = self.share_data['previous_share_hash']
96 if len(self.share_data['nonce']) > 100:
97 raise ValueError('nonce too long!')
99 if len(self.share_data['coinbase']) > 100:
100 raise ValueError('''coinbase too large! %i bytes''' % (len(self.share_data['coinbase']),))
102 self.pow_hash = net.PARENT.POW_FUNC(bitcoin_data.block_header_type.pack(header))
103 self.header_hash = bitcoin_data.hash256(bitcoin_data.block_header_type.pack(header))
105 self.hash = bitcoin_data.hash256(share1a_type.pack(self.as_share1a()))
107 if self.pow_hash > self.target:
108 print 'hash %x' % self.pow_hash
109 print 'targ %x' % self.target
110 raise ValueError('not enough work!')
112 if other_txs is not None and not self.pow_hash <= self.header['bits'].target:
113 raise ValueError('other_txs provided when not a block solution')
114 if other_txs is None and self.pow_hash <= self.header['bits'].target:
115 raise ValueError('other_txs not provided when a block solution')
117 self.other_txs = other_txs
120 self.time_seen = time.time()
124 return '<Share %s>' % (' '.join('%s=%r' % (k, getattr(self, k)) for k in self.__slots__),)
126 def check(self, tracker):
127 share_info, gentx = generate_transaction(tracker, self.share_info['share_data'], self.header['bits'].target, self.share_info['timestamp'], self.net)
128 if share_info != self.share_info:
129 raise ValueError('share difficulty invalid')
131 if bitcoin_data.check_merkle_branch(bitcoin_data.hash256(bitcoin_data.tx_type.pack(gentx)), 0, self.merkle_branch) != self.header['merkle_root']:
132 raise ValueError('''gentx doesn't match header via merkle_branch''')
135 if self.pow_hash > self.header['bits'].target: # share1a
136 return dict(type=0, contents=share1a_type.pack(self.as_share1a()))
137 elif self.pow_hash <= self.header['bits'].target: # share1b
138 if self.other_txs is None:
139 raise ValueError('share does not contain all txs')
140 return dict(type=1, contents=share1b_type.pack(dict(header=self.header, share_info=self.share_info, other_txs=self.other_txs)))
142 raise AssertionError()
144 def as_share1a(self):
145 return dict(header=self.header, share_info=self.share_info, merkle_branch=self.merkle_branch)
147 def as_block(self, tracker):
148 if self.other_txs is None:
149 raise ValueError('share does not contain all txs')
151 share_info, gentx = generate_transaction(tracker, self.share_info['share_data'], self.header['bits'].target, self.share_info['timestamp'], self.net)
152 assert share_info == self.share_info
154 return dict(header=self.header, txs=[gentx] + self.other_txs)
156 def get_pool_attempts_per_second(tracker, previous_share_hash, dist, min_work=False):
158 near = tracker.shares[previous_share_hash]
159 far = tracker.shares[tracker.get_nth_parent_hash(previous_share_hash, dist - 1)]
160 attempts = tracker.get_work(near.hash) - tracker.get_work(far.hash) if not min_work else tracker.get_delta(near.hash).min_work - tracker.get_delta(far.hash).min_work
161 time = near.timestamp - far.timestamp
164 return attempts//time
166 def get_average_stale_prop(tracker, share_hash, lookbehind):
167 stales = sum(1 for share in tracker.get_chain(share_hash, lookbehind) if share.share_data['stale_info'] in [253, 254])
168 return stales/(lookbehind + stales)
170 DONATION_SCRIPT = '4104ffd03de44a6e11b9917f3a29f9443283d9871c9d743ef30d5eddcd37094b64d1b3d8090496b53256786bf5c82932ec23c3b74d9f05a6f95a8b5529352656664bac'.decode('hex')
172 def generate_transaction(tracker, share_data, block_target, desired_timestamp, net):
173 previous_share_hash = share_data['previous_share_hash']
174 new_script = share_data['new_script']
175 subsidy = share_data['subsidy']
176 donation = share_data['donation']
177 assert 0 <= donation <= 65535
179 if len(share_data['coinbase']) > 100:
180 raise ValueError('coinbase too long!')
182 previous_share = tracker.shares[previous_share_hash] if previous_share_hash is not None else None
184 chain_length = getattr(net, 'REAL_CHAIN_LENGTH_FUNC', lambda _: net.REAL_CHAIN_LENGTH)(previous_share.timestamp if previous_share is not None else None)
186 height, last = tracker.get_height_and_last(previous_share_hash)
187 assert height >= chain_length or last is None
188 if height < net.TARGET_LOOKBEHIND:
189 bits = bitcoin_data.FloatingInteger.from_target_upper_bound(net.MAX_TARGET)
191 attempts_per_second = get_pool_attempts_per_second(tracker, previous_share_hash, net.TARGET_LOOKBEHIND)
192 pre_target = 2**256//(net.SHARE_PERIOD*attempts_per_second) - 1
193 pre_target2 = math.clip(pre_target, (previous_share.target*9//10, previous_share.target*11//10))
194 pre_target3 = math.clip(pre_target2, (0, net.MAX_TARGET))
195 bits = bitcoin_data.FloatingInteger.from_target_upper_bound(pre_target3)
197 attempts_to_block = bitcoin_data.target_to_average_attempts(block_target)
198 max_att = net.SPREAD * attempts_to_block
200 this_att = min(bitcoin_data.target_to_average_attempts(bits.target), max_att)
201 other_weights, other_total_weight, other_donation_weight = tracker.get_cumulative_weights(previous_share_hash, min(height, chain_length), 65535*max(0, max_att - this_att))
202 assert other_total_weight == sum(other_weights.itervalues()) + other_donation_weight, (other_total_weight, sum(other_weights.itervalues()) + other_donation_weight)
203 weights, total_weight, donation_weight = math.add_dicts({new_script: this_att*(65535-donation)}, other_weights), this_att*65535 + other_total_weight, this_att*donation + other_donation_weight
204 assert total_weight == sum(weights.itervalues()) + donation_weight, (total_weight, sum(weights.itervalues()) + donation_weight)
206 # 1 satoshi is always donated so that a list of p2pool generated blocks can be easily found by looking at the donation address
207 amounts = dict((script, (subsidy-1)*(199*weight)//(200*total_weight)) for (script, weight) in weights.iteritems())
208 amounts[new_script] = amounts.get(new_script, 0) + (subsidy-1)//200
209 amounts[DONATION_SCRIPT] = amounts.get(DONATION_SCRIPT, 0) + (subsidy-1)*(199*donation_weight)//(200*total_weight)
210 amounts[DONATION_SCRIPT] = amounts.get(DONATION_SCRIPT, 0) + subsidy - sum(amounts.itervalues()) # collect any extra satoshis :P
212 if sum(amounts.itervalues()) != subsidy:
214 if any(x < 0 for x in amounts.itervalues()):
217 dests = sorted(amounts.iterkeys(), key=lambda script: (amounts[script], script))
218 dests = dests[-4000:] # block length limit, unlikely to ever be hit
221 share_data=share_data,
223 timestamp=math.clip(desired_timestamp, (previous_share.timestamp - 60, previous_share.timestamp + 60)) if previous_share is not None else desired_timestamp,
226 return share_info, dict(
229 previous_output=None,
231 script=share_data['coinbase'].ljust(2, '\x00'),
233 tx_outs=[dict(value=0, script='\x20' + pack.IntType(256).pack(bitcoin_data.hash256(share_info_type.pack(share_info))))] + [dict(value=amounts[script], script=script) for script in dests if amounts[script]],
237 class OkayTracker(forest.Tracker):
238 def __init__(self, net, my_share_hashes, my_doa_share_hashes):
239 forest.Tracker.__init__(self, delta_type=forest.get_attributedelta_type(dict(forest.AttributeDelta.attrs,
240 work=lambda share: bitcoin_data.target_to_average_attempts(share.target),
241 min_work=lambda share: bitcoin_data.target_to_average_attempts(share.max_target),
244 self.verified = forest.Tracker(delta_type=forest.get_attributedelta_type(dict(forest.AttributeDelta.attrs,
245 work=lambda share: bitcoin_data.target_to_average_attempts(share.target),
246 my_count=lambda share: 1 if share.hash in my_share_hashes else 0,
247 my_doa_count=lambda share: 1 if share.hash in my_doa_share_hashes else 0,
248 my_orphan_announce_count=lambda share: 1 if share.hash in my_share_hashes and share.share_data['stale_info'] == 253 else 0,
249 my_dead_announce_count=lambda share: 1 if share.hash in my_share_hashes and share.share_data['stale_info'] == 254 else 0,
251 self.verified.get_nth_parent_hash = self.get_nth_parent_hash # self is a superset of self.verified
253 self.get_cumulative_weights = skiplists.WeightsSkipList(self)
255 def attempt_verify(self, share):
256 if share.hash in self.verified.shares:
258 height, last = self.get_height_and_last(share.hash)
259 if height < self.net.CHAIN_LENGTH + 1 and last is not None:
260 raise AssertionError()
264 log.err(None, 'Share check failed:')
267 self.verified.add(share)
270 def think(self, block_rel_height_func, previous_block, bits):
274 # make 'unverified heads' set?
275 # for each overall head, attempt verification
276 # if it fails, attempt on parent, and repeat
277 # if no successful verification because of lack of parents, request parent
279 for head in set(self.heads) - set(self.verified.heads):
280 head_height, last = self.get_height_and_last(head)
282 for share in self.get_chain(head, head_height if last is None else min(5, max(0, head_height - self.net.CHAIN_LENGTH))):
283 if self.attempt_verify(share):
285 if share.hash in self.heads:
290 self.shares[random.choice(list(self.reverse_shares[last]))].peer,
292 max(x.timestamp for x in self.get_chain(head, min(head_height, 5))),
293 min(x.target for x in self.get_chain(head, min(head_height, 5))),
296 assert bad not in self.verified.shares
297 assert bad in self.heads
302 # try to get at least CHAIN_LENGTH height for each verified head, requesting parents if needed
303 for head in list(self.verified.heads):
304 head_height, last_hash = self.verified.get_height_and_last(head)
305 last_height, last_last_hash = self.get_height_and_last(last_hash)
306 # XXX review boundary conditions
307 want = max(self.net.CHAIN_LENGTH - head_height, 0)
308 can = max(last_height - 1 - self.net.CHAIN_LENGTH, 0) if last_last_hash is not None else last_height
310 #print 'Z', head_height, last_hash is None, last_height, last_last_hash is None, want, can, get
311 for share in self.get_chain(last_hash, get):
312 if not self.attempt_verify(share):
314 if head_height < self.net.CHAIN_LENGTH and last_last_hash is not None:
316 self.verified.shares[random.choice(list(self.verified.reverse_shares[last_hash]))].peer,
318 max(x.timestamp for x in self.get_chain(head, min(head_height, 5))),
319 min(x.target for x in self.get_chain(head, min(head_height, 5))),
323 decorated_tails = sorted((self.score(max(self.verified.tails[tail_hash], key=self.verified.get_height), block_rel_height_func), tail_hash) for tail_hash in self.verified.tails) # XXX using get_height here is quite possibly incorrect and vulnerable
325 print len(decorated_tails), 'tails:'
326 for score, tail_hash in decorated_tails:
327 print format_hash(tail_hash), score
328 best_tail_score, best_tail = decorated_tails[-1] if decorated_tails else (None, None)
330 # decide best verified head
331 decorated_heads = sorted(((
332 self.verified.get_work(self.verified.get_nth_parent_hash(h, min(5, self.verified.get_height(h)))),
333 #self.verified.shares[h].peer is None,
334 (self.verified.shares[h].header['previous_block'], self.verified.shares[h].header['bits']) == (previous_block, bits) or self.verified.shares[h].peer is None,
335 -self.verified.shares[h].time_seen,
336 ), h) for h in self.verified.tails.get(best_tail, []))
338 print len(decorated_heads), 'heads. Top 10:'
339 for score, head_hash in decorated_heads[-10:]:
340 print ' ', format_hash(head_hash), format_hash(self.verified.shares[head_hash].previous_hash), score
341 best_head_score, best = decorated_heads[-1] if decorated_heads else (None, None)
345 for i in xrange(1000):
347 for share_hash, tail in self.heads.iteritems():
348 if share_hash in [head_hash for score, head_hash in decorated_heads[-5:]]:
351 if self.shares[share_hash].time_seen > time.time() - 300:
354 if share_hash not in self.verified.shares and max(self.shares[after_tail_hash].time_seen for after_tail_hash in self.reverse_shares.get(tail)) > time.time() - 120: # XXX stupid
357 to_remove.add(share_hash)
360 for share_hash in to_remove:
361 self.remove(share_hash)
362 if share_hash in self.verified.shares:
363 self.verified.remove(share_hash)
364 #print "_________", to_remove
367 for i in xrange(1000):
369 for tail, heads in self.tails.iteritems():
370 if min(self.get_height(head) for head in heads) < 2*self.net.CHAIN_LENGTH + 10:
372 for aftertail in self.reverse_shares.get(tail, set()):
373 if len(self.reverse_shares[self.shares[aftertail].previous_hash]) > 1: # XXX
376 to_remove.add(aftertail)
379 # if removed from this, it must be removed from verified
381 for aftertail in to_remove:
382 if self.shares[aftertail].previous_hash not in self.tails:
383 print "erk", aftertail, self.shares[aftertail].previous_hash
385 self.remove(aftertail)
386 if aftertail in self.verified.shares:
387 self.verified.remove(aftertail)
389 #print "removed! %i %f" % (len(to_remove), (end - start)/len(to_remove))
392 best_share = self.verified.shares[best]
393 if (best_share.header['previous_block'], best_share.header['bits']) != (previous_block, bits) and best_share.header_hash != previous_block and best_share.peer is not None:
395 print 'Stale detected! %x < %x' % (best_share.header['previous_block'], previous_block)
396 best = best_share.previous_hash
398 timestamp_cutoff = min(int(time.time()), best_share.timestamp) - 3600
399 target_cutoff = 2**256//(self.net.SHARE_PERIOD*best_tail_score[1] + 1) * 2 if best_tail_score[1] is not None else 2**256-1
401 timestamp_cutoff = int(time.time()) - 24*60*60
402 target_cutoff = 2**256-1
405 print 'Desire %i shares. Cutoff: %s old diff>%.2f' % (len(desired), math.format_dt(time.time() - timestamp_cutoff), bitcoin_data.target_to_difficulty(target_cutoff))
406 for peer, hash, ts, targ in desired:
407 print ' ', '%s:%i' % peer.addr if peer is not None else None, format_hash(hash), math.format_dt(time.time() - ts), bitcoin_data.target_to_difficulty(targ), ts >= timestamp_cutoff, targ <= target_cutoff
409 return best, [(peer, hash) for peer, hash, ts, targ in desired if ts >= timestamp_cutoff and targ <= target_cutoff]
411 def score(self, share_hash, block_rel_height_func):
412 # returns approximate lower bound on chain's hashrate in the last self.net.CHAIN_LENGTH*15//16*self.net.SHARE_PERIOD time
414 head_height = self.verified.get_height(share_hash)
415 if head_height < self.net.CHAIN_LENGTH:
416 return head_height, None
418 end_point = self.verified.get_nth_parent_hash(share_hash, self.net.CHAIN_LENGTH*15//16)
420 block_height = max(block_rel_height_func(share.header['previous_block']) for share in
421 self.verified.get_chain(end_point, self.net.CHAIN_LENGTH//16))
423 return self.net.CHAIN_LENGTH, (self.verified.get_work(share_hash) - self.verified.get_work(end_point))//((0 - block_height + 1)*self.net.PARENT.BLOCK_PERIOD)
428 return '%08x' % (x % 2**32)
430 class ShareStore(object):
431 def __init__(self, prefix, net):
432 self.filename = prefix
433 self.dirname = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(prefix))
434 self.filename = os.path.basename(os.path.abspath(prefix))
436 self.known = None # will be filename -> set of share hashes, set of verified hashes
437 self.known_desired = None
439 def get_shares(self):
440 if self.known is not None:
441 raise AssertionError()
443 filenames, next = self.get_filenames_and_next()
444 for filename in filenames:
445 share_hashes, verified_hashes = known.setdefault(filename, (set(), set()))
446 with open(filename, 'rb') as f:
449 type_id_str, data_hex = line.strip().split(' ')
450 type_id = int(type_id_str)
456 verified_hash = int(data_hex, 16)
457 yield 'verified_hash', verified_hash
458 verified_hashes.add(verified_hash)
460 share = Share.from_share(share_type.unpack(data_hex.decode('hex')), self.net)
462 share_hashes.add(share.hash)
464 raise NotImplementedError("share type %i" % (type_id,))
466 log.err(None, "Error while reading saved shares, continuing where left off:")
468 self.known_desired = dict((k, (set(a), set(b))) for k, (a, b) in known.iteritems())
470 def _add_line(self, line):
471 filenames, next = self.get_filenames_and_next()
472 if filenames and os.path.getsize(filenames[-1]) < 10e6:
473 filename = filenames[-1]
477 with open(filename, 'ab') as f:
482 def add_share(self, share):
483 for filename, (share_hashes, verified_hashes) in self.known.iteritems():
484 if share.hash in share_hashes:
487 filename = self._add_line("%i %s" % (5, share_type.pack(share.as_share()).encode('hex')))
488 share_hashes, verified_hashes = self.known.setdefault(filename, (set(), set()))
489 share_hashes.add(share.hash)
490 share_hashes, verified_hashes = self.known_desired.setdefault(filename, (set(), set()))
491 share_hashes.add(share.hash)
493 def add_verified_hash(self, share_hash):
494 for filename, (share_hashes, verified_hashes) in self.known.iteritems():
495 if share_hash in verified_hashes:
498 filename = self._add_line("%i %x" % (2, share_hash))
499 share_hashes, verified_hashes = self.known.setdefault(filename, (set(), set()))
500 verified_hashes.add(share_hash)
501 share_hashes, verified_hashes = self.known_desired.setdefault(filename, (set(), set()))
502 verified_hashes.add(share_hash)
504 def get_filenames_and_next(self):
505 suffixes = sorted(int(x[len(self.filename):]) for x in os.listdir(self.dirname) if x.startswith(self.filename) and x[len(self.filename):].isdigit())
506 return [os.path.join(self.dirname, self.filename + str(suffix)) for suffix in suffixes], os.path.join(self.dirname, self.filename + (str(suffixes[-1] + 1) if suffixes else str(0)))
508 def forget_share(self, share_hash):
509 for filename, (share_hashes, verified_hashes) in self.known_desired.iteritems():
510 if share_hash in share_hashes:
511 share_hashes.remove(share_hash)
514 def forget_verified_share(self, share_hash):
515 for filename, (share_hashes, verified_hashes) in self.known_desired.iteritems():
516 if share_hash in verified_hashes:
517 verified_hashes.remove(share_hash)
520 def check_remove(self):
522 for filename, (share_hashes, verified_hashes) in self.known_desired.iteritems():
523 #print filename, len(share_hashes) + len(verified_hashes)
524 if not share_hashes and not verified_hashes:
525 to_remove.add(filename)
526 for filename in to_remove:
527 self.known.pop(filename)
528 self.known_desired.pop(filename)
530 print "REMOVED", filename