1 // Copyright (c) 2012 Pieter Wuille
2 // Distributed under the MIT/X11 software license, see the accompanying
3 // file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
4 #ifndef _BITCOIN_ADDRMAN
5 #define _BITCOIN_ADDRMAN 1
16 #include <openssl/rand.h>
19 /** Extended statistics about a CAddress */
20 class CAddrInfo : public CAddress
23 // where knowledge about this address first came from
26 // last successful connection by us
29 // last try whatsoever by us:
30 // int64_t CAddress::nLastTry
32 // connection attempts since last successful attempt
35 // reference count in new sets (memory only)
38 // in tried set? (memory only)
41 // position in vRandom
44 friend class CAddrMan;
49 CAddress* pthis = (CAddress*)(this);
52 READWRITE(nLastSuccess);
66 CAddrInfo(const CAddress &addrIn, const CNetAddr &addrSource) : CAddress(addrIn), source(addrSource)
71 CAddrInfo() : CAddress(), source()
76 // Calculate in which "tried" bucket this entry belongs
77 int GetTriedBucket(const std::vector<unsigned char> &nKey) const;
79 // Calculate in which "new" bucket this entry belongs, given a certain source
80 int GetNewBucket(const std::vector<unsigned char> &nKey, const CNetAddr& src) const;
82 // Calculate in which "new" bucket this entry belongs, using its default source
83 int GetNewBucket(const std::vector<unsigned char> &nKey) const
85 return GetNewBucket(nKey, source);
88 // Determine whether the statistics about this entry are bad enough so that it can just be deleted
89 bool IsTerrible(int64_t nNow = GetAdjustedTime()) const;
91 // Calculate the relative chance this entry should be given when selecting nodes to connect to
92 double GetChance(int64_t nNow = GetAdjustedTime()) const;
96 // Stochastic address manager
99 // * Only keep a limited number of addresses around, so that addr.dat and memory requirements do not grow without bound.
100 // * Keep the address tables in-memory, and asynchronously dump the entire to able in addr.dat.
101 // * Make sure no (localized) attacker can fill the entire table with his nodes/addresses.
104 // * Addresses are organized into buckets.
105 // * Address that have not yet been tried go into 256 "new" buckets.
106 // * Based on the address range (/16 for IPv4) of source of the information, 32 buckets are selected at random
107 // * The actual bucket is chosen from one of these, based on the range the address itself is located.
108 // * One single address can occur in up to 4 different buckets, to increase selection chances for addresses that
109 // are seen frequently. The chance for increasing this multiplicity decreases exponentially.
110 // * When adding a new address to a full bucket, a randomly chosen entry (with a bias favoring less recently seen
111 // ones) is removed from it first.
112 // * Addresses of nodes that are known to be accessible go into 64 "tried" buckets.
113 // * Each address range selects at random 4 of these buckets.
114 // * The actual bucket is chosen from one of these, based on the full address.
115 // * When adding a new good address to a full bucket, a randomly chosen entry (with a bias favoring less recently
116 // tried ones) is evicted from it, back to the "new" buckets.
117 // * Bucket selection is based on cryptographic hashing, using a randomly-generated 256-bit key, which should not
118 // be observable by adversaries.
119 // * Several indexes are kept for high performance. Defining DEBUG_ADDRMAN will introduce frequent (and expensive)
120 // consistency checks for the entire data structure.
122 // total number of buckets for tried addresses
123 #define ADDRMAN_TRIED_BUCKET_COUNT 64
125 // maximum allowed number of entries in buckets for tried addresses
126 #define ADDRMAN_TRIED_BUCKET_SIZE 64
128 // total number of buckets for new addresses
129 #define ADDRMAN_NEW_BUCKET_COUNT 256
131 // maximum allowed number of entries in buckets for new addresses
132 #define ADDRMAN_NEW_BUCKET_SIZE 64
134 // over how many buckets entries with tried addresses from a single group (/16 for IPv4) are spread
135 #define ADDRMAN_TRIED_BUCKETS_PER_GROUP 4
137 // over how many buckets entries with new addresses originating from a single group are spread
138 #define ADDRMAN_NEW_BUCKETS_PER_SOURCE_GROUP 32
140 // in how many buckets for entries with new addresses a single address may occur
141 #define ADDRMAN_NEW_BUCKETS_PER_ADDRESS 4
143 // how many entries in a bucket with tried addresses are inspected, when selecting one to replace
144 #define ADDRMAN_TRIED_ENTRIES_INSPECT_ON_EVICT 4
146 // how old addresses can maximally be
147 #define ADDRMAN_HORIZON_DAYS 30
149 // after how many failed attempts we give up on a new node
150 #define ADDRMAN_RETRIES 3
152 // how many successive failures are allowed ...
153 #define ADDRMAN_MAX_FAILURES 10
155 // ... in at least this many days
156 #define ADDRMAN_MIN_FAIL_DAYS 7
158 // the maximum percentage of nodes to return in a getaddr call
159 #define ADDRMAN_GETADDR_MAX_PCT 23
161 // the maximum number of nodes to return in a getaddr call
162 #define ADDRMAN_GETADDR_MAX 2500
164 /** Stochastical (IP) address manager */
168 // critical section to protect the inner data structures
169 mutable CCriticalSection cs;
171 // secret key to randomize bucket select with
172 std::vector<unsigned char> nKey;
177 // table with information about all nIds
178 std::map<int, CAddrInfo> mapInfo;
180 // find an nId based on its network address
181 std::map<CNetAddr, int> mapAddr;
183 // randomly-ordered vector of all nIds
184 std::vector<int> vRandom;
186 // number of "tried" entries
189 // list of "tried" buckets
190 std::vector<std::vector<int> > vvTried;
192 // number of (unique) "new" entries
195 // list of "new" buckets
196 std::vector<std::set<int> > vvNew;
201 CAddrInfo* Find(const CNetAddr& addr, int *pnId = NULL);
203 // find an entry, creating it if necessary.
204 // nTime and nServices of found node is updated, if necessary.
205 CAddrInfo* Create(const CAddress &addr, const CNetAddr &addrSource, int *pnId = NULL);
207 // Swap two elements in vRandom.
208 void SwapRandom(unsigned int nRandomPos1, unsigned int nRandomPos2);
210 // Return position in given bucket to replace.
211 int SelectTried(int nKBucket);
213 // Remove an element from a "new" bucket.
214 // This is the only place where actual deletes occur.
215 // They are never deleted while in the "tried" table, only possibly evicted back to the "new" table.
216 int ShrinkNew(int nUBucket);
218 // Move an entry from the "new" table(s) to the "tried" table
219 // @pre vvUnkown[nOrigin].count(nId) != 0
220 void MakeTried(CAddrInfo& info, int nId, int nOrigin);
222 // Mark an entry "good", possibly moving it from "new" to "tried".
223 void Good_(const CService &addr, int64_t nTime);
225 // Add an entry to the "new" table.
226 bool Add_(const CAddress &addr, const CNetAddr& source, int64_t nTimePenalty);
228 // Mark an entry as attempted to connect.
229 void Attempt_(const CService &addr, int64_t nTime);
231 // Select an address to connect to.
232 // nUnkBias determines how much to favor new addresses over tried ones (min=0, max=100)
233 CAddress Select_(int nUnkBias);
236 // Perform consistency check. Returns an error code or zero.
240 // Select several addresses at once.
241 void GetAddr_(std::vector<CAddress> &vAddr);
242 void GetOnlineAddr_(std::vector<CAddrInfo> &vAddr);
244 // Mark an entry as currently-connected-to.
245 void Connected_(const CService &addr, int64_t nTime);
252 // serialized format:
253 // * version byte (currently 0)
257 // * number of "new" buckets
258 // * all nNew addrinfos in vvNew
259 // * all nTried addrinfos in vvTried
260 // * for each bucket:
261 // * number of elements
262 // * for each element: index
264 // Notice that vvTried, mapAddr and vVector are never encoded explicitly;
265 // they are instead reconstructed from the other information.
267 // vvNew is serialized, but only used if ADDRMAN_UNKOWN_BUCKET_COUNT didn't change,
268 // otherwise it is reconstructed as well.
270 // This format is more complex, but significantly smaller (at most 1.5 MiB), and supports
271 // changes to the ADDRMAN_ parameters without breaking the on-disk structure.
274 unsigned char nVersion = 0;
280 CAddrMan *am = const_cast<CAddrMan*>(this);
283 int nUBuckets = ADDRMAN_NEW_BUCKET_COUNT;
284 READWRITE(nUBuckets);
285 std::map<int, int> mapUnkIds;
287 for (std::map<int, CAddrInfo>::iterator it = am->mapInfo.begin(); it != am->mapInfo.end(); it++)
289 if (nIds == nNew) break; // this means nNew was wrong, oh ow
290 mapUnkIds[(*it).first] = nIds;
291 CAddrInfo &info = (*it).second;
299 for (std::map<int, CAddrInfo>::iterator it = am->mapInfo.begin(); it != am->mapInfo.end(); it++)
301 if (nIds == nTried) break; // this means nTried was wrong, oh ow
302 CAddrInfo &info = (*it).second;
309 for (std::vector<std::set<int> >::iterator it = am->vvNew.begin(); it != am->vvNew.end(); it++)
311 const std::set<int> &vNew = (*it);
312 int nSize = vNew.size();
314 for (std::set<int>::iterator it2 = vNew.begin(); it2 != vNew.end(); it2++)
316 int nIndex = mapUnkIds[*it2];
322 READWRITE(nUBuckets);
327 am->vvTried = std::vector<std::vector<int> >(ADDRMAN_TRIED_BUCKET_COUNT, std::vector<int>(0));
328 am->vvNew = std::vector<std::set<int> >(ADDRMAN_NEW_BUCKET_COUNT, std::set<int>());
329 for (int n = 0; n < am->nNew; n++)
331 CAddrInfo &info = am->mapInfo[n];
333 am->mapAddr[info] = n;
334 info.nRandomPos = vRandom.size();
335 am->vRandom.push_back(n);
336 if (nUBuckets != ADDRMAN_NEW_BUCKET_COUNT)
338 am->vvNew[info.GetNewBucket(am->nKey)].insert(n);
342 am->nIdCount = am->nNew;
344 for (int n = 0; n < am->nTried; n++)
348 std::vector<int> &vTried = am->vvTried[info.GetTriedBucket(am->nKey)];
349 if (vTried.size() < ADDRMAN_TRIED_BUCKET_SIZE)
351 info.nRandomPos = vRandom.size();
352 info.fInTried = true;
353 am->vRandom.push_back(am->nIdCount);
354 am->mapInfo[am->nIdCount] = info;
355 am->mapAddr[info] = am->nIdCount;
356 vTried.push_back(am->nIdCount);
363 for (int b = 0; b < nUBuckets; b++)
365 std::set<int> &vNew = am->vvNew[b];
368 for (int n = 0; n < nSize; n++)
372 CAddrInfo &info = am->mapInfo[nIndex];
373 if (nUBuckets == ADDRMAN_NEW_BUCKET_COUNT && info.nRefCount < ADDRMAN_NEW_BUCKETS_PER_ADDRESS)
396 *am = const_cast<CAddrMan*>(this);
401 nUBuckets = ADDRMAN_NEW_BUCKET_COUNT;
403 READWRITE(nUBuckets);
410 for (std::map<int, CAddrInfo>::iterator it = am->mapInfo.begin(); it != am->mapInfo.end(); it++)
413 break; // this means nNew was wrong, oh ow
414 mapUnkIds[(*it).first] = nIds;
417 &info = (*it).second;
426 for (std::map<int, CAddrInfo>::iterator it = am->mapInfo.begin(); it != am->mapInfo.end(); it++)
429 break; /* this means nTried was wrong, oh ow */
432 &info = (*it).second;
441 std::vector<std::set<int> >::iterator it = am->vvNew.begin();
442 it != am->vvNew.end();
450 nSize = int( vNew.size() );
453 for (std::set<int>::iterator it2 = vNew.begin(); it2 != vNew.end(); it2++)
456 nIndex = mapUnkIds[*it2];
466 READWRITE(nUBuckets);
472 std::vector<std::vector<int> >(
473 ADDRMAN_TRIED_BUCKET_COUNT,
477 std::vector<std::set<int> >(
478 ADDRMAN_NEW_BUCKET_COUNT,
481 for (int n = 0; n < am->nNew; n++)
484 &info = am->mapInfo[n];
487 am->mapAddr[info] = n;
488 info.nRandomPos = int( vRandom.size() );
489 am->vRandom.push_back(n);
490 if (nUBuckets != ADDRMAN_NEW_BUCKET_COUNT)
492 am->vvNew[info.GetNewBucket(am->nKey)].insert(n);
496 am->nIdCount = am->nNew;
501 for (int n = 0; n < am->nTried; n++)
509 &vTried = am->vvTried[info.GetTriedBucket(am->nKey)];
511 if (vTried.size() < ADDRMAN_TRIED_BUCKET_SIZE)
513 info.nRandomPos = int( vRandom.size() );
514 info.fInTried = true;
515 am->vRandom.push_back(am->nIdCount);
516 am->mapInfo[am->nIdCount] = info;
517 am->mapAddr[info] = am->nIdCount;
518 vTried.push_back(am->nIdCount);
527 for (int b = 0; b < nUBuckets; b++)
530 &vNew = am->vvNew[b];
536 for (int n = 0; n < nSize; n++)
544 &info = am->mapInfo[nIndex];
547 (nUBuckets == ADDRMAN_NEW_BUCKET_COUNT) &&
548 (info.nRefCount < ADDRMAN_NEW_BUCKETS_PER_ADDRESS)
560 CAddrMan() : vRandom(0), vvTried(ADDRMAN_TRIED_BUCKET_COUNT, std::vector<int>(0)), vvNew(ADDRMAN_NEW_BUCKET_COUNT, std::set<int>())
563 RAND_bytes(&nKey[0], 32);
570 // Return the number of (unique) addresses in all tables.
573 return (int) vRandom.size();
584 printf("ADDRMAN CONSISTENCY CHECK FAILED!!! err=%i\n", err);
589 // Add a single address.
590 bool Add(const CAddress &addr, const CNetAddr& source, int64_t nTimePenalty = 0)
596 fRet |= Add_(addr, source, nTimePenalty);
600 printf("Added %s from %s: %i tried, %i new\n", addr.ToStringIPPort().c_str(), source.ToString().c_str(), nTried, nNew);
604 // Add multiple addresses.
605 bool Add(const std::vector<CAddress> &vAddr, const CNetAddr& source, int64_t nTimePenalty = 0)
611 for (std::vector<CAddress>::const_iterator it = vAddr.begin(); it != vAddr.end(); it++)
612 nAdd += Add_(*it, source, nTimePenalty) ? 1 : 0;
616 printf("Added %i addresses from %s: %i tried, %i new\n", nAdd, source.ToString().c_str(), nTried, nNew);
620 // Mark an entry as accessible.
621 void Good(const CService &addr, int64_t nTime = GetAdjustedTime())
631 // Mark an entry as connection attempted to.
632 void Attempt(const CService &addr, int64_t nTime = GetAdjustedTime())
637 Attempt_(addr, nTime);
642 // Choose an address to connect to.
643 // nUnkBias determines how much "new" entries are favored over "tried" ones (0-100).
644 CAddress Select(int nUnkBias = 50)
650 addrRet = Select_(nUnkBias);
656 // Return a bunch of addresses, selected at random.
657 std::vector<CAddress> GetAddr()
660 std::vector<CAddress> vAddr;
669 std::vector<CAddrInfo> GetOnlineAddr()
672 std::vector<CAddrInfo> vAddr;
675 GetOnlineAddr_(vAddr);
681 // Mark an entry as currently-connected-to.
682 void Connected(const CService &addr, int64_t nTime = GetAdjustedTime())
687 Connected_(addr, nTime);