/** * @file AccumulatorProofOfKnowledge.cpp * * @brief AccumulatorProofOfKnowledge class for the Zerocoin library. * * @author Ian Miers, Christina Garman and Matthew Green * @date June 2013 * * @copyright Copyright 2013 Ian Miers, Christina Garman and Matthew Green * @license This project is released under the MIT license. **/ #include "Zerocoin.h" namespace libzerocoin { AccumulatorProofOfKnowledge::AccumulatorProofOfKnowledge(const AccumulatorAndProofParams* p): params(p) {} AccumulatorProofOfKnowledge::AccumulatorProofOfKnowledge(const AccumulatorAndProofParams* p, const Commitment& commitmentToCoin, const AccumulatorWitness& witness, Accumulator& a): params(p) { Bignum sg = params->accumulatorPoKCommitmentGroup.g; Bignum sh = params->accumulatorPoKCommitmentGroup.h; Bignum g_n = params->accumulatorQRNCommitmentGroup.g; Bignum h_n = params->accumulatorQRNCommitmentGroup.h; Bignum e = commitmentToCoin.getContents(); Bignum r = commitmentToCoin.getRandomness(); Bignum r_1 = Bignum::randBignum(params->accumulatorModulus/4); Bignum r_2 = Bignum::randBignum(params->accumulatorModulus/4); Bignum r_3 = Bignum::randBignum(params->accumulatorModulus/4); this->C_e = g_n.pow_mod(e, params->accumulatorModulus) * h_n.pow_mod(r_1, params->accumulatorModulus); this->C_u = witness.getValue() * h_n.pow_mod(r_2, params->accumulatorModulus); this->C_r = g_n.pow_mod(r_2, params->accumulatorModulus) * h_n.pow_mod(r_3, params->accumulatorModulus); Bignum r_alpha = Bignum::randBignum(params->maxCoinValue * Bignum(2).pow(params->k_prime + params->k_dprime)); if(!(Bignum::randBignum(Bignum(3)) % 2)) { r_alpha = 0-r_alpha; } Bignum r_gamma = Bignum::randBignum(params->accumulatorPoKCommitmentGroup.modulus); Bignum r_phi = Bignum::randBignum(params->accumulatorPoKCommitmentGroup.modulus); Bignum r_psi = Bignum::randBignum(params->accumulatorPoKCommitmentGroup.modulus); Bignum r_sigma = Bignum::randBignum(params->accumulatorPoKCommitmentGroup.modulus); Bignum r_xi = Bignum::randBignum(params->accumulatorPoKCommitmentGroup.modulus); Bignum r_epsilon = Bignum::randBignum((params->accumulatorModulus/4) * Bignum(2).pow(params->k_prime + params->k_dprime)); if(!(Bignum::randBignum(Bignum(3)) % 2)) { r_epsilon = 0-r_epsilon; } Bignum r_eta = Bignum::randBignum((params->accumulatorModulus/4) * Bignum(2).pow(params->k_prime + params->k_dprime)); if(!(Bignum::randBignum(Bignum(3)) % 2)) { r_eta = 0-r_eta; } Bignum r_zeta = Bignum::randBignum((params->accumulatorModulus/4) * Bignum(2).pow(params->k_prime + params->k_dprime)); if(!(Bignum::randBignum(Bignum(3)) % 2)) { r_zeta = 0-r_zeta; } Bignum r_beta = Bignum::randBignum((params->accumulatorModulus/4) * params->accumulatorPoKCommitmentGroup.modulus * Bignum(2).pow(params->k_prime + params->k_dprime)); if(!(Bignum::randBignum(Bignum(3)) % 2)) { r_beta = 0-r_beta; } Bignum r_delta = Bignum::randBignum((params->accumulatorModulus/4) * params->accumulatorPoKCommitmentGroup.modulus * Bignum(2).pow(params->k_prime + params->k_dprime)); if(!(Bignum::randBignum(Bignum(3)) % 2)) { r_delta = 0-r_delta; } this->st_1 = (sg.pow_mod(r_alpha, params->accumulatorPoKCommitmentGroup.modulus) * sh.pow_mod(r_phi, params->accumulatorPoKCommitmentGroup.modulus)) % params->accumulatorPoKCommitmentGroup.modulus; this->st_2 = (((commitmentToCoin.getCommitmentValue() * sg.inverse(params->accumulatorPoKCommitmentGroup.modulus)).pow_mod(r_gamma, params->accumulatorPoKCommitmentGroup.modulus)) * sh.pow_mod(r_psi, params->accumulatorPoKCommitmentGroup.modulus)) % params->accumulatorPoKCommitmentGroup.modulus; this->st_3 = ((sg * commitmentToCoin.getCommitmentValue()).pow_mod(r_sigma, params->accumulatorPoKCommitmentGroup.modulus) * sh.pow_mod(r_xi, params->accumulatorPoKCommitmentGroup.modulus)) % params->accumulatorPoKCommitmentGroup.modulus; this->t_1 = (h_n.pow_mod(r_zeta, params->accumulatorModulus) * g_n.pow_mod(r_epsilon, params->accumulatorModulus)) % params->accumulatorModulus; this->t_2 = (h_n.pow_mod(r_eta, params->accumulatorModulus) * g_n.pow_mod(r_alpha, params->accumulatorModulus)) % params->accumulatorModulus; this->t_3 = (C_u.pow_mod(r_alpha, params->accumulatorModulus) * ((h_n.inverse(params->accumulatorModulus)).pow_mod(r_beta, params->accumulatorModulus))) % params->accumulatorModulus; this->t_4 = (C_r.pow_mod(r_alpha, params->accumulatorModulus) * ((h_n.inverse(params->accumulatorModulus)).pow_mod(r_delta, params->accumulatorModulus)) * ((g_n.inverse(params->accumulatorModulus)).pow_mod(r_beta, params->accumulatorModulus))) % params->accumulatorModulus; CHashWriter hasher(0,0); hasher << *params << sg << sh << g_n << h_n << commitmentToCoin.getCommitmentValue() << C_e << C_u << C_r << st_1 << st_2 << st_3 << t_1 << t_2 << t_3 << t_4; //According to the proof, this hash should be of length k_prime bits. It is currently greater than that, which should not be a problem, but we should check this. Bignum c = Bignum(hasher.GetHash()); this->s_alpha = r_alpha - c*e; this->s_beta = r_beta - c*r_2*e; this->s_zeta = r_zeta - c*r_3; this->s_sigma = r_sigma - c*((e+1).inverse(params->accumulatorPoKCommitmentGroup.groupOrder)); this->s_eta = r_eta - c*r_1; this->s_epsilon = r_epsilon - c*r_2; this->s_delta = r_delta - c*r_3*e; this->s_xi = r_xi + c*r*((e+1).inverse(params->accumulatorPoKCommitmentGroup.groupOrder)); this->s_phi = (r_phi - c*r) % params->accumulatorPoKCommitmentGroup.groupOrder; this->s_gamma = r_gamma - c*((e-1).inverse(params->accumulatorPoKCommitmentGroup.groupOrder)); this->s_psi = r_psi + c*r*((e-1).inverse(params->accumulatorPoKCommitmentGroup.groupOrder)); } /** Verifies that a commitment c is accumulated in accumulator a */ bool AccumulatorProofOfKnowledge:: Verify(const Accumulator& a, const Bignum& valueOfCommitmentToCoin) const { Bignum sg = params->accumulatorPoKCommitmentGroup.g; Bignum sh = params->accumulatorPoKCommitmentGroup.h; Bignum g_n = params->accumulatorQRNCommitmentGroup.g; Bignum h_n = params->accumulatorQRNCommitmentGroup.h; //According to the proof, this hash should be of length k_prime bits. It is currently greater than that, which should not be a problem, but we should check this. CHashWriter hasher(0,0); hasher << *params << sg << sh << g_n << h_n << valueOfCommitmentToCoin << C_e << C_u << C_r << st_1 << st_2 << st_3 << t_1 << t_2 << t_3 << t_4; Bignum c = Bignum(hasher.GetHash()); //this hash should be of length k_prime bits Bignum st_1_prime = (valueOfCommitmentToCoin.pow_mod(c, params->accumulatorPoKCommitmentGroup.modulus) * sg.pow_mod(s_alpha, params->accumulatorPoKCommitmentGroup.modulus) * sh.pow_mod(s_phi, params->accumulatorPoKCommitmentGroup.modulus)) % params->accumulatorPoKCommitmentGroup.modulus; Bignum st_2_prime = (sg.pow_mod(c, params->accumulatorPoKCommitmentGroup.modulus) * ((valueOfCommitmentToCoin * sg.inverse(params->accumulatorPoKCommitmentGroup.modulus)).pow_mod(s_gamma, params->accumulatorPoKCommitmentGroup.modulus)) * sh.pow_mod(s_psi, params->accumulatorPoKCommitmentGroup.modulus)) % params->accumulatorPoKCommitmentGroup.modulus; Bignum st_3_prime = (sg.pow_mod(c, params->accumulatorPoKCommitmentGroup.modulus) * (sg * valueOfCommitmentToCoin).pow_mod(s_sigma, params->accumulatorPoKCommitmentGroup.modulus) * sh.pow_mod(s_xi, params->accumulatorPoKCommitmentGroup.modulus)) % params->accumulatorPoKCommitmentGroup.modulus; Bignum t_1_prime = (C_r.pow_mod(c, params->accumulatorModulus) * h_n.pow_mod(s_zeta, params->accumulatorModulus) * g_n.pow_mod(s_epsilon, params->accumulatorModulus)) % params->accumulatorModulus; Bignum t_2_prime = (C_e.pow_mod(c, params->accumulatorModulus) * h_n.pow_mod(s_eta, params->accumulatorModulus) * g_n.pow_mod(s_alpha, params->accumulatorModulus)) % params->accumulatorModulus; Bignum t_3_prime = ((a.getValue()).pow_mod(c, params->accumulatorModulus) * C_u.pow_mod(s_alpha, params->accumulatorModulus) * ((h_n.inverse(params->accumulatorModulus)).pow_mod(s_beta, params->accumulatorModulus))) % params->accumulatorModulus; Bignum t_4_prime = (C_r.pow_mod(s_alpha, params->accumulatorModulus) * ((h_n.inverse(params->accumulatorModulus)).pow_mod(s_delta, params->accumulatorModulus)) * ((g_n.inverse(params->accumulatorModulus)).pow_mod(s_beta, params->accumulatorModulus))) % params->accumulatorModulus; bool result = false; bool result_st1 = (st_1 == st_1_prime); bool result_st2 = (st_2 == st_2_prime); bool result_st3 = (st_3 == st_3_prime); bool result_t1 = (t_1 == t_1_prime); bool result_t2 = (t_2 == t_2_prime); bool result_t3 = (t_3 == t_3_prime); bool result_t4 = (t_4 == t_4_prime); bool result_range = ((s_alpha >= -(params->maxCoinValue * Bignum(2).pow(params->k_prime + params->k_dprime + 1))) && (s_alpha <= (params->maxCoinValue * Bignum(2).pow(params->k_prime + params->k_dprime + 1)))); result = result_st1 && result_st2 && result_st3 && result_t1 && result_t2 && result_t3 && result_t4 && result_range; return result; } } /* namespace libzerocoin */