// Copyright (c) 2009-2010 Satoshi Nakamoto
// Copyright (c) 2009-2012 The Bitcoin developers
// Distributed under the MIT/X11 software license, see the accompanying
-// file license.txt or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
+// file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
#ifndef BITCOIN_ALLOCATORS_H
#define BITCOIN_ALLOCATORS_H
#include <string.h>
#include <string>
+#include <boost/thread/mutex.hpp>
+#include <map>
+#include <openssl/crypto.h> // for OPENSSL_cleanse()
#ifdef WIN32
#ifdef _WIN32_WINNT
// Note that VirtualLock does not provide this as a guarantee on Windows,
// but, in practice, memory that has been VirtualLock'd almost never gets written to
// the pagefile except in rare circumstances where memory is extremely low.
-#define mlock(p, n) VirtualLock((p), (n));
-#define munlock(p, n) VirtualUnlock((p), (n));
#else
#include <sys/mman.h>
-#include <limits.h>
-/* This comes from limits.h if it's not defined there set a sane default */
-#ifndef PAGESIZE
-#include <unistd.h>
-#define PAGESIZE sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE)
+#include <limits.h> // for PAGESIZE
+#include <unistd.h> // for sysconf
#endif
-#define mlock(a,b) \
- mlock(((void *)(((size_t)(a)) & (~((PAGESIZE)-1)))),\
- (((((size_t)(a)) + (b) - 1) | ((PAGESIZE) - 1)) + 1) - (((size_t)(a)) & (~((PAGESIZE) - 1))))
-#define munlock(a,b) \
- munlock(((void *)(((size_t)(a)) & (~((PAGESIZE)-1)))),\
- (((((size_t)(a)) + (b) - 1) | ((PAGESIZE) - 1)) + 1) - (((size_t)(a)) & (~((PAGESIZE) - 1))))
+
+/**
+ * Thread-safe class to keep track of locked (ie, non-swappable) memory pages.
+ *
+ * Memory locks do not stack, that is, pages which have been locked several times by calls to mlock()
+ * will be unlocked by a single call to munlock(). This can result in keying material ending up in swap when
+ * those functions are used naively. This class simulates stacking memory locks by keeping a counter per page.
+ *
+ * @note By using a map from each page base address to lock count, this class is optimized for
+ * small objects that span up to a few pages, mostly smaller than a page. To support large allocations,
+ * something like an interval tree would be the preferred data structure.
+ */
+template <class Locker> class LockedPageManagerBase
+{
+public:
+ LockedPageManagerBase(size_t page_size):
+ page_size(page_size)
+ {
+ // Determine bitmask for extracting page from address
+ assert(!(page_size & (page_size-1))); // size must be power of two
+ page_mask = ~(page_size - 1);
+ }
+
+ // For all pages in affected range, increase lock count
+ void LockRange(void *p, size_t size)
+ {
+ boost::mutex::scoped_lock lock(mutex);
+ if(!size) return;
+ const size_t base_addr = reinterpret_cast<size_t>(p);
+ const size_t start_page = base_addr & page_mask;
+ const size_t end_page = (base_addr + size - 1) & page_mask;
+ for(size_t page = start_page; page <= end_page; page += page_size)
+ {
+ Histogram::iterator it = histogram.find(page);
+ if(it == histogram.end()) // Newly locked page
+ {
+ locker.Lock(reinterpret_cast<void*>(page), page_size);
+ histogram.insert(std::make_pair(page, 1));
+ }
+ else // Page was already locked; increase counter
+ {
+ it->second += 1;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ // For all pages in affected range, decrease lock count
+ void UnlockRange(void *p, size_t size)
+ {
+ boost::mutex::scoped_lock lock(mutex);
+ if(!size) return;
+ const size_t base_addr = reinterpret_cast<size_t>(p);
+ const size_t start_page = base_addr & page_mask;
+ const size_t end_page = (base_addr + size - 1) & page_mask;
+ for(size_t page = start_page; page <= end_page; page += page_size)
+ {
+ Histogram::iterator it = histogram.find(page);
+ assert(it != histogram.end()); // Cannot unlock an area that was not locked
+ // Decrease counter for page, when it is zero, the page will be unlocked
+ it->second -= 1;
+ if(it->second == 0) // Nothing on the page anymore that keeps it locked
+ {
+ // Unlock page and remove the count from histogram
+ locker.Unlock(reinterpret_cast<void*>(page), page_size);
+ histogram.erase(it);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Get number of locked pages for diagnostics
+ int GetLockedPageCount()
+ {
+ boost::mutex::scoped_lock lock(mutex);
+ return histogram.size();
+ }
+
+private:
+ Locker locker;
+ boost::mutex mutex;
+ size_t page_size, page_mask;
+ // map of page base address to lock count
+ typedef std::map<size_t,int> Histogram;
+ Histogram histogram;
+};
+
+/** Determine system page size in bytes */
+static inline size_t GetSystemPageSize()
+{
+ size_t page_size;
+#if defined(WIN32)
+ SYSTEM_INFO sSysInfo;
+ GetSystemInfo(&sSysInfo);
+ page_size = sSysInfo.dwPageSize;
+#elif defined(PAGESIZE) // defined in limits.h
+ page_size = PAGESIZE;
+#else // assume some POSIX OS
+ page_size = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
+#endif
+ return page_size;
+}
+
+/**
+ * OS-dependent memory page locking/unlocking.
+ * Defined as policy class to make stubbing for test possible.
+ */
+class MemoryPageLocker
+{
+public:
+ /** Lock memory pages.
+ * addr and len must be a multiple of the system page size
+ */
+ bool Lock(const void *addr, size_t len)
+ {
+#ifdef WIN32
+ return VirtualLock(const_cast<void*>(addr), len) != 0;
+#else
+ return mlock(addr, len) == 0;
+#endif
+ }
+ /** Unlock memory pages.
+ * addr and len must be a multiple of the system page size
+ */
+ bool Unlock(const void *addr, size_t len)
+ {
+#ifdef WIN32
+ return VirtualUnlock(const_cast<void*>(addr), len) != 0;
+#else
+ return munlock(addr, len) == 0;
#endif
+ }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Singleton class to keep track of locked (ie, non-swappable) memory pages, for use in
+ * std::allocator templates.
+ */
+class LockedPageManager: public LockedPageManagerBase<MemoryPageLocker>
+{
+public:
+ static LockedPageManager instance; // instantiated in util.cpp
+private:
+ LockedPageManager():
+ LockedPageManagerBase<MemoryPageLocker>(GetSystemPageSize())
+ {}
+};
//
// Allocator that locks its contents from being paged
T *p;
p = std::allocator<T>::allocate(n, hint);
if (p != NULL)
- mlock(p, sizeof(T) * n);
+ LockedPageManager::instance.LockRange(p, sizeof(T) * n);
return p;
}
{
if (p != NULL)
{
- memset(p, 0, sizeof(T) * n);
- munlock(p, sizeof(T) * n);
+ OPENSSL_cleanse(p, sizeof(T) * n);
+ LockedPageManager::instance.UnlockRange(p, sizeof(T) * n);
}
std::allocator<T>::deallocate(p, n);
}
void deallocate(T* p, std::size_t n)
{
if (p != NULL)
- memset(p, 0, sizeof(T) * n);
+ OPENSSL_cleanse(p, sizeof(T) * n);
std::allocator<T>::deallocate(p, n);
}
};
// This is exactly like std::string, but with a custom allocator.
-// (secure_allocator<> is defined in serialize.h)
typedef std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, secure_allocator<char> > SecureString;
#endif
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