X-Git-Url: https://git.novaco.in/?p=novacoin.git;a=blobdiff_plain;f=src%2Fmain.cpp;h=0d19e8b611090af3b20296565a8ed7b1e8a04eaf;hp=1271c1aa62d618b44effc1b9b8a68c07b8b67928;hb=6bd80c2d737da9422283de5dd3033e318dcb96b7;hpb=e1a62ae0588db7071d18fae11f5f0bb50f9bbeaa

diff --git a/src/main.cpp b/src/main.cpp
index 1271c1a..0d19e8b 100644
--- a/src/main.cpp
+++ b/src/main.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 #include "checkpoints.h"
 #include "db.h"
 #include "txdb.h"
-#include "net.h"
 #include "init.h"
 #include "ui_interface.h"
 #include "checkqueue.h"
@@ -42,6 +41,12 @@ uint256 nPoWBase = uint256("0x00000000ffff00000000000000000000000000000000000000
 
 CBigNum bnProofOfWorkLimitTestNet(~uint256(0) >> 16);
 
+unsigned int nStakeMinAge = 30 * nOneDay; // 30 days as zero time weight
+unsigned int nStakeMaxAge = 90 * nOneDay; // 90 days as full weight
+unsigned int nStakeTargetSpacing = 10 * 60; // 10-minute stakes spacing
+unsigned int nModifierInterval = 6 * nOneHour; // time to elapse before new modifier is computed
+
+int nCoinbaseMaturity = 500;
 
 CBlockIndex* pindexGenesisBlock = NULL;
 int nBestHeight = -1;
@@ -51,7 +56,7 @@ uint256 nBestInvalidTrust = 0;
 
 uint256 hashBestChain = 0;
 CBlockIndex* pindexBest = NULL;
-int64 nTimeBestReceived = 0;
+int64_t nTimeBestReceived = 0;
 int nScriptCheckThreads = 0;
 
 CMedianFilter<int> cPeerBlockCounts(5, 0); // Amount of blocks that other nodes claim to have
@@ -70,8 +75,11 @@ CScript COINBASE_FLAGS;
 const string strMessageMagic = "NovaCoin Signed Message:\n";
 
 // Settings
-int64 nTransactionFee = MIN_TX_FEE;
-int64 nMinimumInputValue = MIN_TX_FEE;
+int64_t nTransactionFee = MIN_TX_FEE;
+int64_t nMinimumInputValue = MIN_TXOUT_AMOUNT;
+
+// Ping and address broadcast intervals
+int64_t nPingInterval = 30 * 60;
 
 extern enum Checkpoints::CPMode CheckpointsMode;
 
@@ -108,15 +116,6 @@ bool static IsFromMe(CTransaction& tx)
     return false;
 }
 
-// get the wallet transaction with the given hash (if it exists)
-bool static GetTransaction(const uint256& hashTx, CWalletTx& wtx)
-{
-    BOOST_FOREACH(CWallet* pwallet, setpwalletRegistered)
-        if (pwallet->GetTransaction(hashTx,wtx))
-            return true;
-    return false;
-}
-
 // erases transaction with the given hash from all wallets
 void static EraseFromWallets(uint256 hash)
 {
@@ -129,7 +128,7 @@ void SyncWithWallets(const CTransaction& tx, const CBlock* pblock, bool fUpdate,
 {
     if (!fConnect)
     {
-        // ppcoin: wallets need to refund inputs when disconnecting coinstake
+        // wallets need to refund inputs when disconnecting coinstake
         if (tx.IsCoinStake())
         {
             BOOST_FOREACH(CWallet* pwallet, setpwalletRegistered)
@@ -141,8 +140,6 @@ void SyncWithWallets(const CTransaction& tx, const CBlock* pblock, bool fUpdate,
 
     BOOST_FOREACH(CWallet* pwallet, setpwalletRegistered)
         pwallet->AddToWalletIfInvolvingMe(tx, pblock, fUpdate);
-    // Preloaded coins cache invalidation
-    fCoinsDataActual = false;
 }
 
 // notify wallets about a new best chain
@@ -174,10 +171,10 @@ void static Inventory(const uint256& hash)
 }
 
 // ask wallets to resend their transactions
-void ResendWalletTransactions()
+void ResendWalletTransactions(bool fForceResend)
 {
     BOOST_FOREACH(CWallet* pwallet, setpwalletRegistered)
-        pwallet->ResendWalletTransactions();
+        pwallet->ResendWalletTransactions(fForceResend);
 }
 
 
@@ -209,7 +206,7 @@ bool AddOrphanTx(const CTransaction& tx)
 
     if (nSize > 5000)
     {
-        printf("ignoring large orphan tx (size: %"PRIszu", hash: %s)\n", nSize, hash.ToString().substr(0,10).c_str());
+        printf("ignoring large orphan tx (size: %" PRIszu ", hash: %s)\n", nSize, hash.ToString().substr(0,10).c_str());
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -217,7 +214,7 @@ bool AddOrphanTx(const CTransaction& tx)
     BOOST_FOREACH(const CTxIn& txin, tx.vin)
         mapOrphanTransactionsByPrev[txin.prevout.hash].insert(hash);
 
-    printf("stored orphan tx %s (mapsz %"PRIszu")\n", hash.ToString().substr(0,10).c_str(),
+    printf("stored orphan tx %s (mapsz %" PRIszu ")\n", hash.ToString().substr(0,10).c_str(),
         mapOrphanTransactions.size());
     return true;
 }
@@ -291,37 +288,54 @@ bool CTransaction::ReadFromDisk(COutPoint prevout)
     return ReadFromDisk(txdb, prevout, txindex);
 }
 
-bool CTransaction::IsStandard() const
+bool CTransaction::IsStandard(string& strReason) const
 {
     if (nVersion > CTransaction::CURRENT_VERSION)
+    {
+        strReason = "version";
         return false;
+    }
 
     unsigned int nDataOut = 0;
     txnouttype whichType;
     BOOST_FOREACH(const CTxIn& txin, vin)
     {
-        // Biggest 'standard' txin is a 3-signature 3-of-3 CHECKMULTISIG
-        // pay-to-script-hash, which is 3 ~80-byte signatures, 3
-        // ~65-byte public keys, plus a few script ops.
-        if (txin.scriptSig.size() > 500)
+        // Biggest 'standard' txin is a 15-of-15 P2SH multisig with compressed
+        // keys. (remember the 520 byte limit on redeemScript size) That works
+        // out to a (15*(33+1))+3=513 byte redeemScript, 513+1+15*(73+1)=1624
+        // bytes of scriptSig, which we round off to 1650 bytes for some minor
+        // future-proofing. That's also enough to spend a 20-of-20
+        // CHECKMULTISIG scriptPubKey, though such a scriptPubKey is not
+        // considered standard)
+        if (txin.scriptSig.size() > 1650)
+        {
+            strReason = "scriptsig-size";
             return false;
+        }
         if (!txin.scriptSig.IsPushOnly())
+        {
+            strReason = "scriptsig-not-pushonly";
             return false;
+        }
         if (!txin.scriptSig.HasCanonicalPushes()) {
+            strReason = "txin-scriptsig-not-canonicalpushes";
             return false;
         }
     }
     BOOST_FOREACH(const CTxOut& txout, vout) {
         if (!::IsStandard(txout.scriptPubKey, whichType)) {
+            strReason = "scriptpubkey";
             return false;
         }
         if (whichType == TX_NULL_DATA)
             nDataOut++;
         else {
             if (txout.nValue == 0) {
+                strReason = "txout-value=0";
                 return false;
             }
             if (!txout.scriptPubKey.HasCanonicalPushes()) {
+                strReason = "txout-scriptsig-not-canonicalpushes";
                 return false;
             }
         }
@@ -329,6 +343,7 @@ bool CTransaction::IsStandard() const
 
     // only one OP_RETURN txout is permitted
     if (nDataOut > 1) {
+        strReason = "multi-op-return";
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -404,9 +419,14 @@ unsigned int
 CTransaction::GetLegacySigOpCount() const
 {
     unsigned int nSigOps = 0;
-    BOOST_FOREACH(const CTxIn& txin, vin)
+    if (!IsCoinBase())
     {
-        nSigOps += txin.scriptSig.GetSigOpCount(false);
+        // Coinbase scriptsigs are never executed, so there is 
+        //    no sense in calculation of sigops.
+        BOOST_FOREACH(const CTxIn& txin, vin)
+        {
+            nSigOps += txin.scriptSig.GetSigOpCount(false);
+        }
     }
     BOOST_FOREACH(const CTxOut& txout, vout)
     {
@@ -415,64 +435,47 @@ CTransaction::GetLegacySigOpCount() const
     return nSigOps;
 }
 
-
-int CMerkleTx::SetMerkleBranch(const CBlock* pblock)
+int CMerkleTx::SetMerkleBranch()
 {
-    if (fClient)
-    {
-        if (hashBlock == 0)
-            return 0;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        CBlock blockTmp;
-        if (pblock == NULL)
-        {
-            // Load the block this tx is in
-            CTxIndex txindex;
-            if (!CTxDB("r").ReadTxIndex(GetHash(), txindex))
-                return 0;
-            if (!blockTmp.ReadFromDisk(txindex.pos.nFile, txindex.pos.nBlockPos))
-                return 0;
-            pblock = &blockTmp;
-        }
-
-        // Update the tx's hashBlock
-        hashBlock = pblock->GetHash();
+    // Load the block this tx is in
+    CTxIndex txindex;
+    if (!CTxDB("r").ReadTxIndex(GetHash(), txindex))
+        return 0;
+    CBlock blockTmp;
+    if (!blockTmp.ReadFromDisk(txindex.pos.nFile, txindex.pos.nBlockPos))
+        return 0;
+    return SetMerkleBranch(blockTmp);
+}
 
-        // Locate the transaction
-        for (nIndex = 0; nIndex < (int)pblock->vtx.size(); nIndex++)
-            if (pblock->vtx[nIndex] == *(CTransaction*)this)
-                break;
-        if (nIndex == (int)pblock->vtx.size())
-        {
-            vMerkleBranch.clear();
-            nIndex = -1;
-            printf("ERROR: SetMerkleBranch() : couldn't find tx in block\n");
-            return 0;
-        }
+int CMerkleTx::SetMerkleBranch(const CBlock& block)
+{
+    // Update the tx's hashBlock
+    hashBlock = block.GetHash();
 
-        // Fill in merkle branch
-        vMerkleBranch = pblock->GetMerkleBranch(nIndex);
+    // Locate the transaction
+    for (nIndex = 0; nIndex < (int)block.vtx.size(); nIndex++)
+        if (block.vtx[nIndex] == *(CTransaction*)this)
+            break;
+    if (nIndex == (int)block.vtx.size())
+    {
+        vMerkleBranch.clear();
+        nIndex = -1;
+        printf("ERROR: SetMerkleBranch() : couldn't find tx in block\n");
+        return 0;
     }
 
     // Is the tx in a block that's in the main chain
     map<uint256, CBlockIndex*>::iterator mi = mapBlockIndex.find(hashBlock);
     if (mi == mapBlockIndex.end())
         return 0;
-    CBlockIndex* pindex = (*mi).second;
+
+    const CBlockIndex* pindex = (*mi).second;
     if (!pindex || !pindex->IsInMainChain())
         return 0;
 
     return pindexBest->nHeight - pindex->nHeight + 1;
 }
 
-
-
-
-
-
-
 bool CTransaction::CheckTransaction() const
 {
     // Basic checks that don't depend on any context
@@ -485,7 +488,7 @@ bool CTransaction::CheckTransaction() const
         return DoS(100, error("CTransaction::CheckTransaction() : size limits failed"));
 
     // Check for negative or overflow output values
-    int64 nValueOut = 0;
+    int64_t nValueOut = 0;
     for (unsigned int i = 0; i < vout.size(); i++)
     {
         const CTxOut& txout = vout[i];
@@ -525,63 +528,48 @@ bool CTransaction::CheckTransaction() const
     return true;
 }
 
-int64 CTransaction::GetMinFee(unsigned int nBlockSize, bool fAllowFree, enum GetMinFee_mode mode, unsigned int nBytes) const
+int64_t CTransaction::GetMinFee(unsigned int nBlockSize, bool fAllowFree, enum GetMinFee_mode mode, unsigned int nBytes) const
 {
-    // Use new fees approach if we are on test network or 
-    //    switch date has been reached
-    bool fNewApproach = fTestNet || nTime > FEE_SWITCH_TIME;
-
-    int64 nMinTxFee = MIN_TX_FEE, nMinRelayTxFee = MIN_RELAY_TX_FEE;
+    int64_t nMinTxFee = MIN_TX_FEE, nMinRelayTxFee = MIN_RELAY_TX_FEE;
 
-    if(!fNewApproach || IsCoinStake())
+    if(IsCoinStake())
     {
-        // Enforce 0.01 as minimum fee for old approach or coinstake
+        // Enforce 0.01 as minimum fee for coinstake
         nMinTxFee = CENT;
         nMinRelayTxFee = CENT;
     }
 
     // Base fee is either nMinTxFee or nMinRelayTxFee
-    int64 nBaseFee = (mode == GMF_RELAY) ? nMinRelayTxFee : nMinTxFee;
+    int64_t nBaseFee = (mode == GMF_RELAY) ? nMinRelayTxFee : nMinTxFee;
 
     unsigned int nNewBlockSize = nBlockSize + nBytes;
-    int64 nMinFee = (1 + (int64)nBytes / 1000) * nBaseFee;
+    int64_t nMinFee = (1 + (int64_t)nBytes / 1000) * nBaseFee;
 
-    if (fNewApproach)
+    if (fAllowFree)
     {
-        if (fAllowFree)
+        if (nBlockSize == 1)
         {
-            if (nBlockSize == 1)
-            {
-                // Transactions under 1K are free
-                if (nBytes < 1000)
-                    nMinFee = 0;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                // Free transaction area
-                if (nNewBlockSize < 27000)
-                    nMinFee = 0;
-            }
+            // Transactions under 1K are free
+            if (nBytes < 1000)
+                nMinFee = 0;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // Free transaction area
+            if (nNewBlockSize < 27000)
+                nMinFee = 0;
         }
-
-        // To limit dust spam, require additional MIN_TX_FEE/MIN_RELAY_TX_FEE for 
-        //    each non empty output which is less than 0.01
-        //
-        // It's safe to ignore empty outputs here, because these inputs are allowed
-        //     only for coinbase and coinstake transactions.
-        BOOST_FOREACH(const CTxOut& txout, vout)
-            if (txout.nValue < CENT && !txout.IsEmpty())
-                nMinFee += nBaseFee;
-    }
-    else if (nMinFee < nBaseFee)
-    {
-        // To limit dust spam, require MIN_TX_FEE/MIN_RELAY_TX_FEE if 
-        //    any output is less than 0.01
-        BOOST_FOREACH(const CTxOut& txout, vout)
-            if (txout.nValue < CENT)
-                nMinFee = nBaseFee;
     }
 
+    // To limit dust spam, require additional MIN_TX_FEE/MIN_RELAY_TX_FEE for
+    //    each non empty output which is less than 0.01
+    //
+    // It's safe to ignore empty outputs here, because these inputs are allowed
+    //     only for coinbase and coinstake transactions.
+    BOOST_FOREACH(const CTxOut& txout, vout)
+        if (txout.nValue < CENT && !txout.IsEmpty())
+            nMinFee += nBaseFee;
+
     // Raise the price as the block approaches full
     if (nBlockSize != 1 && nNewBlockSize >= MAX_BLOCK_SIZE_GEN/2)
     {
@@ -603,6 +591,10 @@ bool CTxMemPool::accept(CTxDB& txdb, CTransaction &tx, bool fCheckInputs,
     if (pfMissingInputs)
         *pfMissingInputs = false;
 
+    // Time (prevent mempool memory exhaustion attack)
+    if (tx.nTime > FutureDrift(GetAdjustedTime()))
+        return tx.DoS(10, error("CTxMemPool::accept() : transaction timestamp is too far in the future"));
+
     if (!tx.CheckTransaction())
         return error("CTxMemPool::accept() : CheckTransaction failed");
 
@@ -615,12 +607,13 @@ bool CTxMemPool::accept(CTxDB& txdb, CTransaction &tx, bool fCheckInputs,
         return tx.DoS(100, error("CTxMemPool::accept() : coinstake as individual tx"));
 
     // To help v0.1.5 clients who would see it as a negative number
-    if ((int64)tx.nLockTime > std::numeric_limits<int>::max())
+    if ((int64_t)tx.nLockTime > std::numeric_limits<int>::max())
         return error("CTxMemPool::accept() : not accepting nLockTime beyond 2038 yet");
 
     // Rather not work on nonstandard transactions (unless -testnet)
-    if (!fTestNet && !tx.IsStandard())
-        return error("CTxMemPool::accept() : nonstandard transaction type");
+    string strNonStd;
+    if (!fTestNet && !tx.IsStandard(strNonStd))
+        return error("CTxMemPool::accept() : nonstandard transaction (%s)", strNonStd.c_str());
 
     // Do we already have it?
     uint256 hash = tx.GetHash();
@@ -683,13 +676,13 @@ bool CTxMemPool::accept(CTxDB& txdb, CTransaction &tx, bool fCheckInputs,
         // you should add code here to check that the transaction does a
         // reasonable number of ECDSA signature verifications.
 
-        int64 nFees = tx.GetValueIn(mapInputs)-tx.GetValueOut();
+        int64_t nFees = tx.GetValueIn(mapInputs)-tx.GetValueOut();
         unsigned int nSize = ::GetSerializeSize(tx, SER_NETWORK, PROTOCOL_VERSION);
 
         // Don't accept it if it can't get into a block
-        int64 txMinFee = tx.GetMinFee(1000, true, GMF_RELAY, nSize);
+        int64_t txMinFee = tx.GetMinFee(1000, true, GMF_RELAY, nSize);
         if (nFees < txMinFee)
-            return error("CTxMemPool::accept() : not enough fees %s, %"PRI64d" < %"PRI64d,
+            return error("CTxMemPool::accept() : not enough fees %s, %" PRId64 " < %" PRId64,
                          hash.ToString().c_str(),
                          nFees, txMinFee);
 
@@ -700,8 +693,8 @@ bool CTxMemPool::accept(CTxDB& txdb, CTransaction &tx, bool fCheckInputs,
         {
             static CCriticalSection cs;
             static double dFreeCount;
-            static int64 nLastTime;
-            int64 nNow = GetTime();
+            static int64_t nLastTime;
+            int64_t nNow = GetTime();
 
             {
                 LOCK(cs);
@@ -720,7 +713,7 @@ bool CTxMemPool::accept(CTxDB& txdb, CTransaction &tx, bool fCheckInputs,
 
         // Check against previous transactions
         // This is done last to help prevent CPU exhaustion denial-of-service attacks.
-        if (!tx.ConnectInputs(txdb, mapInputs, mapUnused, CDiskTxPos(1,1,1), pindexBest, false, false, true, SIG_SWITCH_TIME < tx.nTime ? STRICT_FLAGS : SOFT_FLAGS))
+        if (!tx.ConnectInputs(txdb, mapInputs, mapUnused, CDiskTxPos(1,1,1), pindexBest, false, false, true, STRICT_FLAGS))
         {
             return error("CTxMemPool::accept() : ConnectInputs failed %s", hash.ToString().substr(0,10).c_str());
         }
@@ -742,7 +735,7 @@ bool CTxMemPool::accept(CTxDB& txdb, CTransaction &tx, bool fCheckInputs,
     if (ptxOld)
         EraseFromWallets(ptxOld->GetHash());
 
-    printf("CTxMemPool::accept() : accepted %s (poolsz %"PRIszu")\n",
+    printf("CTxMemPool::accept() : accepted %s (poolsz %" PRIszu ")\n",
            hash.ToString().substr(0,10).c_str(),
            mapTx.size());
     return true;
@@ -1006,7 +999,7 @@ CBigNum inline GetProofOfStakeLimit(int nHeight, unsigned int nTime)
 }
 
 // miner's coin base reward based on nBits
-int64 GetProofOfWorkReward(unsigned int nBits, int64 nFees)
+int64_t GetProofOfWorkReward(unsigned int nBits, int64_t nFees)
 {
     CBigNum bnSubsidyLimit = MAX_MINT_PROOF_OF_WORK;
 
@@ -1022,122 +1015,95 @@ int64 GetProofOfWorkReward(unsigned int nBits, int64 nFees)
     // Human readable form:
     //
     // nSubsidy = 100 / (diff ^ 1/6)
+    //
+    // Please note that we're using bisection to find an approximate solutuion
     CBigNum bnLowerBound = CENT;
     CBigNum bnUpperBound = bnSubsidyLimit;
     while (bnLowerBound + CENT <= bnUpperBound)
     {
         CBigNum bnMidValue = (bnLowerBound + bnUpperBound) / 2;
-        if (fDebug && GetBoolArg("-printcreation"))
-            printf("GetProofOfWorkReward() : lower=%"PRI64d" upper=%"PRI64d" mid=%"PRI64d"\n", bnLowerBound.getuint64(), bnUpperBound.getuint64(), bnMidValue.getuint64());
         if (bnMidValue * bnMidValue * bnMidValue * bnMidValue * bnMidValue * bnMidValue * bnTargetLimit > bnSubsidyLimit * bnSubsidyLimit * bnSubsidyLimit * bnSubsidyLimit * bnSubsidyLimit * bnSubsidyLimit * bnTarget)
             bnUpperBound = bnMidValue;
         else
             bnLowerBound = bnMidValue;
     }
 
-    int64 nSubsidy = bnUpperBound.getuint64();
+    int64_t nSubsidy = bnUpperBound.getuint64();
 
     nSubsidy = (nSubsidy / CENT) * CENT;
     if (fDebug && GetBoolArg("-printcreation"))
-        printf("GetProofOfWorkReward() : create=%s nBits=0x%08x nSubsidy=%"PRI64d"\n", FormatMoney(nSubsidy).c_str(), nBits, nSubsidy);
+        printf("GetProofOfWorkReward() : create=%s nBits=0x%08x nSubsidy=%" PRId64 "\n", FormatMoney(nSubsidy).c_str(), nBits, nSubsidy);
 
     return min(nSubsidy, MAX_MINT_PROOF_OF_WORK) + nFees;
 }
 
 // miner's coin stake reward based on nBits and coin age spent (coin-days)
-int64 GetProofOfStakeReward(int64 nCoinAge, unsigned int nBits, unsigned int nTime, bool bCoinYearOnly)
+int64_t GetProofOfStakeReward(int64_t nCoinAge, unsigned int nBits, int64_t nTime, bool bCoinYearOnly)
 {
-    int64 nRewardCoinYear, nSubsidy, nSubsidyLimit = 10 * COIN;
+    int64_t nRewardCoinYear, nSubsidy, nSubsidyLimit = 10 * COIN;
 
-    if(fTestNet || nTime > STAKE_SWITCH_TIME)
-    {
-        // Stage 2 of emission process is PoS-based. It will be active on mainNet since 20 Jun 2013.
+    // Stage 2 of emission process is mostly PoS-based.
 
-        CBigNum bnRewardCoinYearLimit = MAX_MINT_PROOF_OF_STAKE; // Base stake mint rate, 100% year interest
-        CBigNum bnTarget;
-        bnTarget.SetCompact(nBits);
-        CBigNum bnTargetLimit = GetProofOfStakeLimit(0, nTime);
-        bnTargetLimit.SetCompact(bnTargetLimit.GetCompact());
+    CBigNum bnRewardCoinYearLimit = MAX_MINT_PROOF_OF_STAKE; // Base stake mint rate, 100% year interest
+    CBigNum bnTarget;
+    bnTarget.SetCompact(nBits);
+    CBigNum bnTargetLimit = GetProofOfStakeLimit(0, nTime);
+    bnTargetLimit.SetCompact(bnTargetLimit.GetCompact());
 
-        // NovaCoin: A reasonably continuous curve is used to avoid shock to market
+    // A reasonably continuous curve is used to avoid shock to market
 
-        CBigNum bnLowerBound = 1 * CENT, // Lower interest bound is 1% per year
-            bnUpperBound = bnRewardCoinYearLimit, // Upper interest bound is 100% per year
-            bnMidPart, bnRewardPart;
+    CBigNum bnLowerBound = 1 * CENT, // Lower interest bound is 1% per year
+        bnUpperBound = bnRewardCoinYearLimit, // Upper interest bound is 100% per year
+        bnMidPart, bnRewardPart;
 
-        while (bnLowerBound + CENT <= bnUpperBound)
-        {
-            CBigNum bnMidValue = (bnLowerBound + bnUpperBound) / 2;
-            if (fDebug && GetBoolArg("-printcreation"))
-                printf("GetProofOfStakeReward() : lower=%"PRI64d" upper=%"PRI64d" mid=%"PRI64d"\n", bnLowerBound.getuint64(), bnUpperBound.getuint64(), bnMidValue.getuint64());
+    while (bnLowerBound + CENT <= bnUpperBound)
+    {
+        CBigNum bnMidValue = (bnLowerBound + bnUpperBound) / 2;
 
-            if(!fTestNet && nTime < STAKECURVE_SWITCH_TIME)
-            {
-                //
-                // Until 20 Oct 2013: reward for coin-year is cut in half every 64x multiply of PoS difficulty
-                //
-                // (nRewardCoinYearLimit / nRewardCoinYear) ** 6 == bnProofOfStakeLimit / bnTarget
-                //
-                // Human readable form: nRewardCoinYear = 1 / (posdiff ^ 1/6)
-                //
-
-                bnMidPart = bnMidValue * bnMidValue * bnMidValue * bnMidValue * bnMidValue * bnMidValue;
-                bnRewardPart = bnRewardCoinYearLimit * bnRewardCoinYearLimit * bnRewardCoinYearLimit * bnRewardCoinYearLimit * bnRewardCoinYearLimit * bnRewardCoinYearLimit;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                //
-                // Since 20 Oct 2013: reward for coin-year is cut in half every 8x multiply of PoS difficulty
-                //
-                // (nRewardCoinYearLimit / nRewardCoinYear) ** 3 == bnProofOfStakeLimit / bnTarget
-                //
-                // Human readable form: nRewardCoinYear = 1 / (posdiff ^ 1/3)
-                //
-
-                bnMidPart = bnMidValue * bnMidValue * bnMidValue;
-                bnRewardPart = bnRewardCoinYearLimit * bnRewardCoinYearLimit * bnRewardCoinYearLimit;
-            }
+        //
+        // Reward for coin-year is cut in half every 8x multiply of PoS difficulty
+        //
+        // (nRewardCoinYearLimit / nRewardCoinYear) ** 3 == bnProofOfStakeLimit / bnTarget
+        //
+        // Human readable form: nRewardCoinYear = 1 / (posdiff ^ 1/3)
+        //
 
-            if (bnMidPart * bnTargetLimit > bnRewardPart * bnTarget)
-                bnUpperBound = bnMidValue;
-            else
-                bnLowerBound = bnMidValue;
-        }
+        bnMidPart = bnMidValue * bnMidValue * bnMidValue;
+        bnRewardPart = bnRewardCoinYearLimit * bnRewardCoinYearLimit * bnRewardCoinYearLimit;
 
-        nRewardCoinYear = bnUpperBound.getuint64();
-        nRewardCoinYear = min((nRewardCoinYear / CENT) * CENT, MAX_MINT_PROOF_OF_STAKE);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        // Old creation amount per coin-year, 5% fixed stake mint rate
-        nRewardCoinYear = 5 * CENT;
+        if (bnMidPart * bnTargetLimit > bnRewardPart * bnTarget)
+            bnUpperBound = bnMidValue;
+        else
+            bnLowerBound = bnMidValue;
     }
 
+    nRewardCoinYear = bnUpperBound.getuint64();
+    nRewardCoinYear = min((nRewardCoinYear / CENT) * CENT, MAX_MINT_PROOF_OF_STAKE);
+
     if(bCoinYearOnly)
         return nRewardCoinYear;
 
     nSubsidy = nCoinAge * nRewardCoinYear * 33 / (365 * 33 + 8);
 
-    // Set reasonable reward limit for large inputs since 20 Oct 2013
+    // Set reasonable reward limit for large inputs
     //
     // This will stimulate large holders to use smaller inputs, that's good for the network protection
-    if(fTestNet || STAKECURVE_SWITCH_TIME < nTime)
-    {
-        if (fDebug && GetBoolArg("-printcreation") && nSubsidyLimit < nSubsidy)
-            printf("GetProofOfStakeReward(): %s is greater than %s, coinstake reward will be truncated\n", FormatMoney(nSubsidy).c_str(), FormatMoney(nSubsidyLimit).c_str());
 
-        nSubsidy = min(nSubsidy, nSubsidyLimit);
-    }
+    if (fDebug && GetBoolArg("-printcreation") && nSubsidyLimit < nSubsidy)
+        printf("GetProofOfStakeReward(): %s is greater than %s, coinstake reward will be truncated\n", FormatMoney(nSubsidy).c_str(), FormatMoney(nSubsidyLimit).c_str());
+
+    nSubsidy = min(nSubsidy, nSubsidyLimit);
 
     if (fDebug && GetBoolArg("-printcreation"))
-        printf("GetProofOfStakeReward(): create=%s nCoinAge=%"PRI64d" nBits=%d\n", FormatMoney(nSubsidy).c_str(), nCoinAge, nBits);
+        printf("GetProofOfStakeReward(): create=%s nCoinAge=%" PRId64 " nBits=%d\n", FormatMoney(nSubsidy).c_str(), nCoinAge, nBits);
+
     return nSubsidy;
 }
 
-static const int64 nTargetTimespan = 7 * 24 * 60 * 60;  // one week
+static const int64_t nTargetTimespan = 7 * nOneDay;  // one week
 
 // get proof of work blocks max spacing according to hard-coded conditions
-int64 inline GetTargetSpacingWorkMax(int nHeight, unsigned int nTime)
+int64_t inline GetTargetSpacingWorkMax(int nHeight, unsigned int nTime)
 {
     if(nTime > TARGETS_SWITCH_TIME)
         return 3 * nStakeTargetSpacing; // 30 minutes on mainNet since 20 Jul 2013 00:00:00
@@ -1151,7 +1117,7 @@ int64 inline GetTargetSpacingWorkMax(int nHeight, unsigned int nTime)
 //
 // maximum nBits value could possible be required nTime after
 //
-unsigned int ComputeMaxBits(CBigNum bnTargetLimit, unsigned int nBase, int64 nTime)
+unsigned int ComputeMaxBits(CBigNum bnTargetLimit, unsigned int nBase, int64_t nTime)
 {
     CBigNum bnResult;
     bnResult.SetCompact(nBase);
@@ -1160,7 +1126,7 @@ unsigned int ComputeMaxBits(CBigNum bnTargetLimit, unsigned int nBase, int64 nTi
     {
         // Maximum 200% adjustment per day...
         bnResult *= 2;
-        nTime -= 24 * 60 * 60;
+        nTime -= nOneDay;
     }
     if (bnResult > bnTargetLimit)
         bnResult = bnTargetLimit;
@@ -1171,7 +1137,7 @@ unsigned int ComputeMaxBits(CBigNum bnTargetLimit, unsigned int nBase, int64 nTi
 // minimum amount of work that could possibly be required nTime after
 // minimum proof-of-work required was nBase
 //
-unsigned int ComputeMinWork(unsigned int nBase, int64 nTime)
+unsigned int ComputeMinWork(unsigned int nBase, int64_t nTime)
 {
     return ComputeMaxBits(bnProofOfWorkLimit, nBase, nTime);
 }
@@ -1180,7 +1146,7 @@ unsigned int ComputeMinWork(unsigned int nBase, int64 nTime)
 // minimum amount of stake that could possibly be required nTime after
 // minimum proof-of-stake required was nBase
 //
-unsigned int ComputeMinStake(unsigned int nBase, int64 nTime, unsigned int nBlockTime)
+unsigned int ComputeMinStake(unsigned int nBase, int64_t nTime, unsigned int nBlockTime)
 {
     return ComputeMaxBits(GetProofOfStakeLimit(0, nBlockTime), nBase, nTime);
 }
@@ -1196,10 +1162,10 @@ const CBlockIndex* GetLastBlockIndex(const CBlockIndex* pindex, bool fProofOfSta
 
 unsigned int GetNextTargetRequired(const CBlockIndex* pindexLast, bool fProofOfStake)
 {
-    CBigNum bnTargetLimit = !fProofOfStake ? bnProofOfWorkLimit : GetProofOfStakeLimit(pindexLast->nHeight, pindexLast->nTime);
-
     if (pindexLast == NULL)
-        return bnTargetLimit.GetCompact(); // genesis block
+        return bnProofOfWorkLimit.GetCompact(); // genesis block
+
+    CBigNum bnTargetLimit = !fProofOfStake ? bnProofOfWorkLimit : GetProofOfStakeLimit(pindexLast->nHeight, pindexLast->nTime);
 
     const CBlockIndex* pindexPrev = GetLastBlockIndex(pindexLast, fProofOfStake);
     if (pindexPrev->pprev == NULL)
@@ -1208,14 +1174,14 @@ unsigned int GetNextTargetRequired(const CBlockIndex* pindexLast, bool fProofOfS
     if (pindexPrevPrev->pprev == NULL)
         return bnTargetLimit.GetCompact(); // second block
 
-    int64 nActualSpacing = pindexPrev->GetBlockTime() - pindexPrevPrev->GetBlockTime();
+    int64_t nActualSpacing = pindexPrev->GetBlockTime() - pindexPrevPrev->GetBlockTime();
 
     // ppcoin: target change every block
     // ppcoin: retarget with exponential moving toward target spacing
     CBigNum bnNew;
     bnNew.SetCompact(pindexPrev->nBits);
-    int64 nTargetSpacing = fProofOfStake? nStakeTargetSpacing : min(GetTargetSpacingWorkMax(pindexLast->nHeight, pindexLast->nTime), (int64) nStakeTargetSpacing * (1 + pindexLast->nHeight - pindexPrev->nHeight));
-    int64 nInterval = nTargetTimespan / nTargetSpacing;
+    int64_t nTargetSpacing = fProofOfStake? nStakeTargetSpacing : min(GetTargetSpacingWorkMax(pindexLast->nHeight, pindexLast->nTime), (int64_t) nStakeTargetSpacing * (1 + pindexLast->nHeight - pindexPrev->nHeight));
+    int64_t nInterval = nTargetTimespan / nTargetSpacing;
     bnNew *= ((nInterval - 1) * nTargetSpacing + nActualSpacing + nActualSpacing);
     bnNew /= ((nInterval + 1) * nTargetSpacing);
 
@@ -1251,15 +1217,16 @@ bool IsInitialBlockDownload()
 {
     if (pindexBest == NULL || nBestHeight < Checkpoints::GetTotalBlocksEstimate())
         return true;
-    static int64 nLastUpdate;
+    static int64_t nLastUpdate;
     static CBlockIndex* pindexLastBest;
+    int64_t nCurrentTime = GetTime();
     if (pindexBest != pindexLastBest)
     {
         pindexLastBest = pindexBest;
-        nLastUpdate = GetTime();
+        nLastUpdate = nCurrentTime;
     }
-    return (GetTime() - nLastUpdate < 10 &&
-            pindexBest->GetBlockTime() < GetTime() - 24 * 60 * 60);
+    return (nCurrentTime - nLastUpdate < 10 &&
+            pindexBest->GetBlockTime() < nCurrentTime - nOneDay);
 }
 
 void static InvalidChainFound(CBlockIndex* pindexNew)
@@ -1274,11 +1241,11 @@ void static InvalidChainFound(CBlockIndex* pindexNew)
     uint256 nBestInvalidBlockTrust = pindexNew->nChainTrust - pindexNew->pprev->nChainTrust;
     uint256 nBestBlockTrust = pindexBest->nHeight != 0 ? (pindexBest->nChainTrust - pindexBest->pprev->nChainTrust) : pindexBest->nChainTrust;
 
-    printf("InvalidChainFound: invalid block=%s  height=%d  trust=%s  blocktrust=%"PRI64d"  date=%s\n",
+    printf("InvalidChainFound: invalid block=%s  height=%d  trust=%s  blocktrust=%" PRId64 "  date=%s\n",
       pindexNew->GetBlockHash().ToString().substr(0,20).c_str(), pindexNew->nHeight,
       CBigNum(pindexNew->nChainTrust).ToString().c_str(), nBestInvalidBlockTrust.Get64(),
       DateTimeStrFormat("%x %H:%M:%S", pindexNew->GetBlockTime()).c_str());
-    printf("InvalidChainFound:  current best=%s  height=%d  trust=%s  blocktrust=%"PRI64d"  date=%s\n",
+    printf("InvalidChainFound:  current best=%s  height=%d  trust=%s  blocktrust=%" PRId64 "  date=%s\n",
       hashBestChain.ToString().substr(0,20).c_str(), nBestHeight,
       CBigNum(pindexBest->nChainTrust).ToString().c_str(),
       nBestBlockTrust.Get64(),
@@ -1405,7 +1372,7 @@ bool CTransaction::FetchInputs(CTxDB& txdb, const map<uint256, CTxIndex>& mapTes
             // Revisit this if/when transaction replacement is implemented and allows
             // adding inputs:
             fInvalid = true;
-            return DoS(100, error("FetchInputs() : %s prevout.n out of range %d %"PRIszu" %"PRIszu" prev tx %s\n%s", GetHash().ToString().substr(0,10).c_str(), prevout.n, txPrev.vout.size(), txindex.vSpent.size(), prevout.hash.ToString().substr(0,10).c_str(), txPrev.ToString().c_str()));
+            return DoS(100, error("FetchInputs() : %s prevout.n out of range %d %" PRIszu " %" PRIszu " prev tx %s\n%s", GetHash().ToString().substr(0,10).c_str(), prevout.n, txPrev.vout.size(), txindex.vSpent.size(), prevout.hash.ToString().substr(0,10).c_str(), txPrev.ToString().c_str()));
         }
     }
 
@@ -1425,12 +1392,12 @@ const CTxOut& CTransaction::GetOutputFor(const CTxIn& input, const MapPrevTx& in
     return txPrev.vout[input.prevout.n];
 }
 
-int64 CTransaction::GetValueIn(const MapPrevTx& inputs) const
+int64_t CTransaction::GetValueIn(const MapPrevTx& inputs) const
 {
     if (IsCoinBase())
         return 0;
 
-    int64 nResult = 0;
+    int64_t nResult = 0;
     for (unsigned int i = 0; i < vin.size(); i++)
     {
         nResult += GetOutputFor(vin[i], inputs).nValue;
@@ -1476,8 +1443,8 @@ bool CTransaction::ConnectInputs(CTxDB& txdb, MapPrevTx inputs, map<uint256, CTx
 
     if (!IsCoinBase())
     {
-        int64 nValueIn = 0;
-        int64 nFees = 0;
+        int64_t nValueIn = 0;
+        int64_t nFees = 0;
         for (unsigned int i = 0; i < vin.size(); i++)
         {
             COutPoint prevout = vin[i].prevout;
@@ -1486,7 +1453,7 @@ bool CTransaction::ConnectInputs(CTxDB& txdb, MapPrevTx inputs, map<uint256, CTx
             CTransaction& txPrev = inputs[prevout.hash].second;
 
             if (prevout.n >= txPrev.vout.size() || prevout.n >= txindex.vSpent.size())
-                return DoS(100, error("ConnectInputs() : %s prevout.n out of range %d %"PRIszu" %"PRIszu" prev tx %s\n%s", GetHash().ToString().substr(0,10).c_str(), prevout.n, txPrev.vout.size(), txindex.vSpent.size(), prevout.hash.ToString().substr(0,10).c_str(), txPrev.ToString().c_str()));
+                return DoS(100, error("ConnectInputs() : %s prevout.n out of range %d %" PRIszu " %" PRIszu " prev tx %s\n%s", GetHash().ToString().substr(0,10).c_str(), prevout.n, txPrev.vout.size(), txindex.vSpent.size(), prevout.hash.ToString().substr(0,10).c_str(), txPrev.ToString().c_str()));
 
             // If prev is coinbase or coinstake, check that it's matured
             if (txPrev.IsCoinBase() || txPrev.IsCoinStake())
@@ -1561,18 +1528,21 @@ bool CTransaction::ConnectInputs(CTxDB& txdb, MapPrevTx inputs, map<uint256, CTx
 
         if (IsCoinStake())
         {
-            // ppcoin: coin stake tx earns reward instead of paying fee
-            uint64 nCoinAge;
-            if (!GetCoinAge(txdb, nCoinAge))
-                return error("ConnectInputs() : %s unable to get coin age for coinstake", GetHash().ToString().substr(0,10).c_str());
+            if (nTime >  Checkpoints::GetLastCheckpointTime())
+            {
+                unsigned int nTxSize = GetSerializeSize(SER_NETWORK, PROTOCOL_VERSION);
 
-            unsigned int nTxSize = (nTime > VALIDATION_SWITCH_TIME || fTestNet) ? GetSerializeSize(SER_NETWORK, PROTOCOL_VERSION) : 0;
+                // coin stake tx earns reward instead of paying fee
+                uint64_t nCoinAge;
+                if (!GetCoinAge(txdb, nCoinAge))
+                    return error("ConnectInputs() : %s unable to get coin age for coinstake", GetHash().ToString().substr(0,10).c_str());
 
-            int64 nReward = GetValueOut() - nValueIn;
-            int64 nCalculatedReward = GetProofOfStakeReward(nCoinAge, pindexBlock->nBits, nTime) - GetMinFee(1, false, GMF_BLOCK, nTxSize) + CENT;
+                int64_t nReward = GetValueOut() - nValueIn;
+                int64_t nCalculatedReward = GetProofOfStakeReward(nCoinAge, pindexBlock->nBits, nTime) - GetMinFee(1, false, GMF_BLOCK, nTxSize) + CENT;
 
-            if (nReward > nCalculatedReward)
-                return DoS(100, error("ConnectInputs() : coinstake pays too much(actual=%"PRI64d" vs calculated=%"PRI64d")", nReward, nCalculatedReward));
+                if (nReward > nCalculatedReward)
+                    return DoS(100, error("ConnectInputs() : coinstake pays too much(actual=%" PRId64 " vs calculated=%" PRId64 ")", nReward, nCalculatedReward));
+            }
         }
         else
         {
@@ -1580,7 +1550,7 @@ bool CTransaction::ConnectInputs(CTxDB& txdb, MapPrevTx inputs, map<uint256, CTx
                 return DoS(100, error("ConnectInputs() : %s value in < value out", GetHash().ToString().substr(0,10).c_str()));
 
             // Tally transaction fees
-            int64 nTxFee = nValueIn - GetValueOut();
+            int64_t nTxFee = nValueIn - GetValueOut();
             if (nTxFee < 0)
                 return DoS(100, error("ConnectInputs() : %s nTxFee < 0", GetHash().ToString().substr(0,10).c_str()));
 
@@ -1602,7 +1572,7 @@ bool CTransaction::ClientConnectInputs()
     // Take over previous transactions' spent pointers
     {
         LOCK(mempool.cs);
-        int64 nValueIn = 0;
+        int64_t nValueIn = 0;
         for (unsigned int i = 0; i < vin.size(); i++)
         {
             // Get prev tx from single transactions in memory
@@ -1686,8 +1656,6 @@ bool CBlock::ConnectBlock(CTxDB& txdb, CBlockIndex* pindex, bool fJustCheck)
     if (!CheckBlock(!fJustCheck, !fJustCheck, false))
         return false;
 
-    bool fProtocol048 = fTestNet || VALIDATION_SWITCH_TIME < nTime;
-
     // Do not allow blocks that contain transactions which 'overwrite' older transactions,
     // unless those are already completely spent.
     // If such overwrites are allowed, coinbases and transactions depending upon those
@@ -1715,9 +1683,9 @@ bool CBlock::ConnectBlock(CTxDB& txdb, CBlockIndex* pindex, bool fJustCheck)
     map<uint256, CTxIndex> mapQueuedChanges;
     CCheckQueueControl<CScriptCheck> control(fScriptChecks && nScriptCheckThreads ? &scriptcheckqueue : NULL);
 
-    int64 nFees = 0;
-    int64 nValueIn = 0;
-    int64 nValueOut = 0;
+    int64_t nFees = 0;
+    int64_t nValueIn = 0;
+    int64_t nValueOut = 0;
     unsigned int nSigOps = 0;
     BOOST_FOREACH(CTransaction& tx, vtx)
     {
@@ -1756,15 +1724,23 @@ bool CBlock::ConnectBlock(CTxDB& txdb, CBlockIndex* pindex, bool fJustCheck)
             if (nSigOps > MAX_BLOCK_SIGOPS)
                 return DoS(100, error("ConnectBlock() : too many sigops"));
 
-            int64 nTxValueIn = tx.GetValueIn(mapInputs);
-            int64 nTxValueOut = tx.GetValueOut();
+            int64_t nTxValueIn = tx.GetValueIn(mapInputs);
+            int64_t nTxValueOut = tx.GetValueOut();
             nValueIn += nTxValueIn;
             nValueOut += nTxValueOut;
             if (!tx.IsCoinStake())
                 nFees += nTxValueIn - nTxValueOut;
 
+            unsigned int nFlags = SCRIPT_VERIFY_NOCACHE | SCRIPT_VERIFY_P2SH;
+
+            if (tx.nTime >= CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY_SWITCH_TIME) {
+                nFlags |= SCRIPT_VERIFY_CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY;
+                // OP_CHECKSEQUENCEVERIFY is senseless without BIP68, so we're going disable it for now.
+                // nFlags |= SCRIPT_VERIFY_CHECKSEQUENCEVERIFY;
+            }
+
             std::vector<CScriptCheck> vChecks;
-            if (!tx.ConnectInputs(txdb, mapInputs, mapQueuedChanges, posThisTx, pindex, true, false, fScriptChecks, SCRIPT_VERIFY_NOCACHE | SCRIPT_VERIFY_P2SH, nScriptCheckThreads ? &vChecks : NULL))
+            if (!tx.ConnectInputs(txdb, mapInputs, mapQueuedChanges, posThisTx, pindex, true, false, fScriptChecks, nFlags, nScriptCheckThreads ? &vChecks : NULL))
                 return false;
             control.Add(vChecks);
         }
@@ -1777,11 +1753,11 @@ bool CBlock::ConnectBlock(CTxDB& txdb, CBlockIndex* pindex, bool fJustCheck)
 
     if (IsProofOfWork())
     {
-        int64 nBlockReward = GetProofOfWorkReward(nBits, fProtocol048 ? nFees : 0);
+        int64_t nBlockReward = GetProofOfWorkReward(nBits, nFees);
 
         // Check coinbase reward
         if (vtx[0].GetValueOut() > nBlockReward)
-            return error("CheckBlock() : coinbase reward exceeded (actual=%"PRI64d" vs calculated=%"PRI64d")",
+            return error("CheckBlock() : coinbase reward exceeded (actual=%" PRId64 " vs calculated=%" PRId64 ")",
                    vtx[0].GetValueOut(),
                    nBlockReward);
     }
@@ -1794,8 +1770,8 @@ bool CBlock::ConnectBlock(CTxDB& txdb, CBlockIndex* pindex, bool fJustCheck)
 
     // fees are not collected by proof-of-stake miners
     // fees are destroyed to compensate the entire network
-    if (fProtocol048 && fDebug && IsProofOfStake() && GetBoolArg("-printcreation"))
-        printf("ConnectBlock() : destroy=%s nFees=%"PRI64d"\n", FormatMoney(nFees).c_str(), nFees);
+    if (fDebug && IsProofOfStake() && GetBoolArg("-printcreation"))
+        printf("ConnectBlock() : destroy=%s nFees=%" PRId64 "\n", FormatMoney(nFees).c_str(), nFees);
 
     if (fJustCheck)
         return true;
@@ -1835,11 +1811,11 @@ bool static Reorganize(CTxDB& txdb, CBlockIndex* pindexNew)
     while (pfork != plonger)
     {
         while (plonger->nHeight > pfork->nHeight)
-            if (!(plonger = plonger->pprev))
+            if ((plonger = plonger->pprev) == NULL)
                 return error("Reorganize() : plonger->pprev is null");
         if (pfork == plonger)
             break;
-        if (!(pfork = pfork->pprev))
+        if ((pfork = pfork->pprev) == NULL)
             return error("Reorganize() : pfork->pprev is null");
     }
 
@@ -1854,8 +1830,8 @@ bool static Reorganize(CTxDB& txdb, CBlockIndex* pindexNew)
         vConnect.push_back(pindex);
     reverse(vConnect.begin(), vConnect.end());
 
-    printf("REORGANIZE: Disconnect %"PRIszu" blocks; %s..%s\n", vDisconnect.size(), pfork->GetBlockHash().ToString().substr(0,20).c_str(), pindexBest->GetBlockHash().ToString().substr(0,20).c_str());
-    printf("REORGANIZE: Connect %"PRIszu" blocks; %s..%s\n", vConnect.size(), pfork->GetBlockHash().ToString().substr(0,20).c_str(), pindexNew->GetBlockHash().ToString().substr(0,20).c_str());
+    printf("REORGANIZE: Disconnect %" PRIszu " blocks; %s..%s\n", vDisconnect.size(), pfork->GetBlockHash().ToString().substr(0,20).c_str(), pindexBest->GetBlockHash().ToString().substr(0,20).c_str());
+    printf("REORGANIZE: Connect %" PRIszu " blocks; %s..%s\n", vConnect.size(), pfork->GetBlockHash().ToString().substr(0,20).c_str(), pindexNew->GetBlockHash().ToString().substr(0,20).c_str());
 
     // Disconnect shorter branch
     vector<CTransaction> vResurrect;
@@ -1983,7 +1959,7 @@ bool CBlock::SetBestChain(CTxDB& txdb, CBlockIndex* pindexNew)
         }
 
         if (!vpindexSecondary.empty())
-            printf("Postponing %"PRIszu" reconnects\n", vpindexSecondary.size());
+            printf("Postponing %" PRIszu " reconnects\n", vpindexSecondary.size());
 
         // Switch to new best branch
         if (!Reorganize(txdb, pindexIntermediate))
@@ -1994,10 +1970,10 @@ bool CBlock::SetBestChain(CTxDB& txdb, CBlockIndex* pindexNew)
         }
 
         // Connect further blocks
-        BOOST_REVERSE_FOREACH(CBlockIndex *pindex, vpindexSecondary)
+        for (std::vector<CBlockIndex*>::reverse_iterator rit = vpindexSecondary.rbegin(); rit != vpindexSecondary.rend(); ++rit)
         {
             CBlock block;
-            if (!block.ReadFromDisk(pindex))
+            if (!block.ReadFromDisk(*rit))
             {
                 printf("SetBestChain() : ReadFromDisk failed\n");
                 break;
@@ -2007,7 +1983,7 @@ bool CBlock::SetBestChain(CTxDB& txdb, CBlockIndex* pindexNew)
                 break;
             }
             // errors now are not fatal, we still did a reorganisation to a new chain in a valid way
-            if (!block.SetBestChainInner(txdb, pindex))
+            if (!block.SetBestChainInner(txdb, *rit))
                 break;
         }
     }
@@ -2031,7 +2007,7 @@ bool CBlock::SetBestChain(CTxDB& txdb, CBlockIndex* pindexNew)
 
     uint256 nBestBlockTrust = pindexBest->nHeight != 0 ? (pindexBest->nChainTrust - pindexBest->pprev->nChainTrust) : pindexBest->nChainTrust;
 
-    printf("SetBestChain: new best=%s  height=%d  trust=%s  blocktrust=%"PRI64d"  date=%s\n",
+    printf("SetBestChain: new best=%s  height=%d  trust=%s  blocktrust=%" PRId64 "  date=%s\n",
       hashBestChain.ToString().substr(0,20).c_str(), nBestHeight,
       CBigNum(nBestChainTrust).ToString().c_str(),
       nBestBlockTrust.Get64(),
@@ -2073,7 +2049,7 @@ bool CBlock::SetBestChain(CTxDB& txdb, CBlockIndex* pindexNew)
 // guaranteed to be in main chain by sync-checkpoint. This rule is
 // introduced to help nodes establish a consistent view of the coin
 // age (trust score) of competing branches.
-bool CTransaction::GetCoinAge(CTxDB& txdb, uint64& nCoinAge) const
+bool CTransaction::GetCoinAge(CTxDB& txdb, uint64_t& nCoinAge) const
 {
     CBigNum bnCentSecond = 0;  // coin age in the unit of cent-seconds
     nCoinAge = 0;
@@ -2098,14 +2074,14 @@ bool CTransaction::GetCoinAge(CTxDB& txdb, uint64& nCoinAge) const
         if (block.GetBlockTime() + nStakeMinAge > nTime)
             continue; // only count coins meeting min age requirement
 
-        int64 nValueIn = txPrev.vout[txin.prevout.n].nValue;
+        int64_t nValueIn = txPrev.vout[txin.prevout.n].nValue;
         bnCentSecond += CBigNum(nValueIn) * (nTime-txPrev.nTime) / CENT;
 
         if (fDebug && GetBoolArg("-printcoinage"))
-            printf("coin age nValueIn=%"PRI64d" nTimeDiff=%d bnCentSecond=%s\n", nValueIn, nTime - txPrev.nTime, bnCentSecond.ToString().c_str());
+            printf("coin age nValueIn=%" PRId64 " nTimeDiff=%d bnCentSecond=%s\n", nValueIn, nTime - txPrev.nTime, bnCentSecond.ToString().c_str());
     }
 
-    CBigNum bnCoinDay = bnCentSecond * CENT / COIN / (24 * 60 * 60);
+    CBigNum bnCoinDay = bnCentSecond * CENT / COIN / nOneDay;
     if (fDebug && GetBoolArg("-printcoinage"))
         printf("coin age bnCoinDay=%s\n", bnCoinDay.ToString().c_str());
     nCoinAge = bnCoinDay.getuint64();
@@ -2113,14 +2089,14 @@ bool CTransaction::GetCoinAge(CTxDB& txdb, uint64& nCoinAge) const
 }
 
 // ppcoin: total coin age spent in block, in the unit of coin-days.
-bool CBlock::GetCoinAge(uint64& nCoinAge) const
+bool CBlock::GetCoinAge(uint64_t& nCoinAge) const
 {
     nCoinAge = 0;
 
     CTxDB txdb("r");
     BOOST_FOREACH(const CTransaction& tx, vtx)
     {
-        uint64 nTxCoinAge;
+        uint64_t nTxCoinAge;
         if (tx.GetCoinAge(txdb, nTxCoinAge))
             nCoinAge += nTxCoinAge;
         else
@@ -2130,7 +2106,7 @@ bool CBlock::GetCoinAge(uint64& nCoinAge) const
     if (nCoinAge == 0) // block coin age minimum 1 coin-day
         nCoinAge = 1;
     if (fDebug && GetBoolArg("-printcoinage"))
-        printf("block coin age total nCoinDays=%"PRI64d"\n", nCoinAge);
+        printf("block coin age total nCoinDays=%" PRId64 "\n", nCoinAge);
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -2142,7 +2118,7 @@ bool CBlock::AddToBlockIndex(unsigned int nFile, unsigned int nBlockPos)
         return error("AddToBlockIndex() : %s already exists", hash.ToString().substr(0,20).c_str());
 
     // Construct new block index object
-    CBlockIndex* pindexNew = new CBlockIndex(nFile, nBlockPos, *this);
+    CBlockIndex* pindexNew = new(nothrow) CBlockIndex(nFile, nBlockPos, *this);
     if (!pindexNew)
         return error("AddToBlockIndex() : new CBlockIndex failed");
     pindexNew->phashBlock = &hash;
@@ -2157,7 +2133,7 @@ bool CBlock::AddToBlockIndex(unsigned int nFile, unsigned int nBlockPos)
     pindexNew->nChainTrust = (pindexNew->pprev ? pindexNew->pprev->nChainTrust : 0) + pindexNew->GetBlockTrust();
 
     // ppcoin: compute stake entropy bit for stake modifier
-    if (!pindexNew->SetStakeEntropyBit(GetStakeEntropyBit(pindexNew->nTime)))
+    if (!pindexNew->SetStakeEntropyBit(GetStakeEntropyBit(pindexNew->nHeight)))
         return error("AddToBlockIndex() : SetStakeEntropyBit() failed");
 
     // ppcoin: record proof-of-stake hash value
@@ -2169,14 +2145,14 @@ bool CBlock::AddToBlockIndex(unsigned int nFile, unsigned int nBlockPos)
     }
 
     // ppcoin: compute stake modifier
-    uint64 nStakeModifier = 0;
+    uint64_t nStakeModifier = 0;
     bool fGeneratedStakeModifier = false;
     if (!ComputeNextStakeModifier(pindexNew, nStakeModifier, fGeneratedStakeModifier))
         return error("AddToBlockIndex() : ComputeNextStakeModifier() failed");
     pindexNew->SetStakeModifier(nStakeModifier, fGeneratedStakeModifier);
     pindexNew->nStakeModifierChecksum = GetStakeModifierChecksum(pindexNew);
     if (!CheckStakeModifierCheckpoints(pindexNew->nHeight, pindexNew->nStakeModifierChecksum))
-        return error("AddToBlockIndex() : Rejected by stake modifier checkpoint height=%d, modifier=0x%016"PRI64x, pindexNew->nHeight, nStakeModifier);
+        return error("AddToBlockIndex() : Rejected by stake modifier checkpoint height=%d, modifier=0x%016" PRIx64, pindexNew->nHeight, nStakeModifier);
 
     // Add to mapBlockIndex
     map<uint256, CBlockIndex*>::iterator mi = mapBlockIndex.insert(make_pair(hash, pindexNew)).first;
@@ -2205,7 +2181,9 @@ bool CBlock::AddToBlockIndex(unsigned int nFile, unsigned int nBlockPos)
         hashPrevBestCoinBase = vtx[0].GetHash();
     }
 
-    uiInterface.NotifyBlocksChanged();
+    static int8_t counter = 0;
+    if( (++counter & 0x0F) == 0 || !IsInitialBlockDownload()) // repaint every 16 blocks if not in initial block download
+        uiInterface.NotifyBlocksChanged();
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -2217,114 +2195,102 @@ bool CBlock::CheckBlock(bool fCheckPOW, bool fCheckMerkleRoot, bool fCheckSig) c
     // These are checks that are independent of context
     // that can be verified before saving an orphan block.
 
+    set<uint256> uniqueTx; // tx hashes
+    unsigned int nSigOps = 0; // total sigops
+
     // Size limits
     if (vtx.empty() || vtx.size() > MAX_BLOCK_SIZE || ::GetSerializeSize(*this, SER_NETWORK, PROTOCOL_VERSION) > MAX_BLOCK_SIZE)
         return DoS(100, error("CheckBlock() : size limits failed"));
 
-    bool fProtocol048 = fTestNet || VALIDATION_SWITCH_TIME < nTime;
-
-    // Check proof of work matches claimed amount
-    if (fCheckPOW && IsProofOfWork() && !CheckProofOfWork(GetHash(), nBits))
-        return DoS(50, error("CheckBlock() : proof of work failed"));
-
-    // Check timestamp
-    if (GetBlockTime() > FutureDrift(GetAdjustedTime()))
-        return error("CheckBlock() : block timestamp too far in the future");
+    bool fProofOfStake = IsProofOfStake();
 
     // First transaction must be coinbase, the rest must not be
-    if (vtx.empty() || !vtx[0].IsCoinBase())
+    if (!vtx[0].IsCoinBase())
         return DoS(100, error("CheckBlock() : first tx is not coinbase"));
 
-    if (!fProtocol048)
-    {
-        // Check coinbase timestamp
-        if (GetBlockTime() < (int64)vtx[0].nTime)
-            return DoS(100, error("CheckBlock() : coinbase timestamp violation"));
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        // Check coinbase timestamp
-        if (GetBlockTime() < PastDrift((int64)vtx[0].nTime))
-            return DoS(50, error("CheckBlock() : coinbase timestamp is too late"));
-    }
+    if (!vtx[0].CheckTransaction())
+        return DoS(vtx[0].nDoS, error("CheckBlock() : CheckTransaction failed on coinbase"));
 
-    for (unsigned int i = 1; i < vtx.size(); i++)
-    {
-        if (vtx[i].IsCoinBase())
-            return DoS(100, error("CheckBlock() : more than one coinbase"));
-
-        // Check transaction timestamp
-        if (GetBlockTime() < (int64)vtx[i].nTime)
-            return DoS(50, error("CheckBlock() : block timestamp earlier than transaction timestamp"));
-    }
+    uniqueTx.insert(vtx[0].GetHash());
+    nSigOps += vtx[0].GetLegacySigOpCount();
 
-    if (IsProofOfStake())
+    if (fProofOfStake)
     {
-        if (fProtocol048)
-        {
-            if (nNonce != 0)
-                return DoS(100, error("CheckBlock() : non-zero nonce in proof-of-stake block"));
-        }
+        // Proof-of-STake related checkings. Note that we know here that 1st transactions is coinstake. We don't need 
+        //   check the type of 1st transaction because it's performed earlier by IsProofOfStake()
+
+        // nNonce must be zero for proof-of-stake blocks
+        if (nNonce != 0)
+            return DoS(100, error("CheckBlock() : non-zero nonce in proof-of-stake block"));
 
         // Coinbase output should be empty if proof-of-stake block
         if (vtx[0].vout.size() != 1 || !vtx[0].vout[0].IsEmpty())
             return DoS(100, error("CheckBlock() : coinbase output not empty for proof-of-stake block"));
 
-        // Second transaction must be coinstake, the rest must not be
-        if (vtx.empty() || !vtx[1].IsCoinStake())
-            return DoS(100, error("CheckBlock() : second tx is not coinstake"));
-        for (unsigned int i = 2; i < vtx.size(); i++)
-            if (vtx[i].IsCoinStake())
-                return DoS(100, error("CheckBlock() : more than one coinstake"));
-
         // Check coinstake timestamp
-        if (GetBlockTime() != (int64)vtx[1].nTime)
-            return DoS(50, error("CheckBlock() : coinstake timestamp violation nTimeBlock=%"PRI64d" nTimeTx=%u", GetBlockTime(), vtx[1].nTime));
+        if (GetBlockTime() != (int64_t)vtx[1].nTime)
+            return DoS(50, error("CheckBlock() : coinstake timestamp violation nTimeBlock=%" PRId64 " nTimeTx=%u", GetBlockTime(), vtx[1].nTime));
 
         // NovaCoin: check proof-of-stake block signature
-        if (fCheckSig && !CheckBlockSignature(true))
+        if (fCheckSig && !CheckBlockSignature())
             return DoS(100, error("CheckBlock() : bad proof-of-stake block signature"));
+
+        if (!vtx[1].CheckTransaction())
+            return DoS(vtx[1].nDoS, error("CheckBlock() : CheckTransaction failed on coinstake"));
+
+        uniqueTx.insert(vtx[1].GetHash());
+        nSigOps += vtx[1].GetLegacySigOpCount();
     }
     else
     {
-        // Should we check proof-of-work block signature or not?
-        //
-        // * Always skip on TestNet
-        // * Perform checking for the first 9689 blocks
-        // * Perform checking since last checkpoint until 20 Sep 2013 (will be removed after)
+        // Check proof of work matches claimed amount
+        if (fCheckPOW && !CheckProofOfWork(GetHash(), nBits))
+            return DoS(50, error("CheckBlock() : proof of work failed"));
 
-        if(!fTestNet && fCheckSig)
-        {
-            bool checkEntropySig = (GetBlockTime() < ENTROPY_SWITCH_TIME);
+        // Check timestamp
+        if (GetBlockTime() > FutureDrift(GetAdjustedTime()))
+            return error("CheckBlock() : block timestamp too far in the future");
 
-            // NovaCoin: check proof-of-work block signature
-            if (checkEntropySig && !CheckBlockSignature(false))
-                return DoS(100, error("CheckBlock() : bad proof-of-work block signature"));
-        }
+        // Check coinbase timestamp
+        if (GetBlockTime() < PastDrift((int64_t)vtx[0].nTime))
+            return DoS(50, error("CheckBlock() : coinbase timestamp is too late"));
     }
 
-    // Check transactions
-    BOOST_FOREACH(const CTransaction& tx, vtx)
+    // Iterate all transactions starting from second for proof-of-stake block 
+    //    or first for proof-of-work block
+    for (unsigned int i = fProofOfStake ? 2 : 1; i < vtx.size(); i++)
     {
+        const CTransaction& tx = vtx[i];
+
+        // Reject coinbase transactions at non-zero index
+        if (tx.IsCoinBase())
+            return DoS(100, error("CheckBlock() : coinbase at wrong index"));
+
+        // Reject coinstake transactions at index != 1
+        if (tx.IsCoinStake())
+            return DoS(100, error("CheckBlock() : coinstake at wrong index"));
+
+        // Check transaction timestamp
+        if (GetBlockTime() < (int64_t)tx.nTime)
+            return DoS(50, error("CheckBlock() : block timestamp earlier than transaction timestamp"));
+
+        // Check transaction consistency
         if (!tx.CheckTransaction())
             return DoS(tx.nDoS, error("CheckBlock() : CheckTransaction failed"));
+
+        // Add transaction hash into list of unique transaction IDs
+        uniqueTx.insert(tx.GetHash());
+
+        // Calculate sigops count
+        nSigOps += tx.GetLegacySigOpCount();
     }
 
     // Check for duplicate txids. This is caught by ConnectInputs(),
     // but catching it earlier avoids a potential DoS attack:
-    set<uint256> uniqueTx;
-    BOOST_FOREACH(const CTransaction& tx, vtx)
-    {
-        uniqueTx.insert(tx.GetHash());
-    }
     if (uniqueTx.size() != vtx.size())
         return DoS(100, error("CheckBlock() : duplicate transaction"));
 
-    unsigned int nSigOps = 0;
-    BOOST_FOREACH(const CTransaction& tx, vtx)
-    {
-        nSigOps += tx.GetLegacySigOpCount();
-    }
+    // Reject block if validation would consume too much resources.
     if (nSigOps > MAX_BLOCK_SIGOPS)
         return DoS(100, error("CheckBlock() : out-of-bounds SigOpCount"));
 
@@ -2332,7 +2298,6 @@ bool CBlock::CheckBlock(bool fCheckPOW, bool fCheckMerkleRoot, bool fCheckSig) c
     if (fCheckMerkleRoot && hashMerkleRoot != BuildMerkleTree())
         return DoS(100, error("CheckBlock() : hashMerkleRoot mismatch"));
 
-
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -2354,10 +2319,19 @@ bool CBlock::AcceptBlock()
     if (nBits != GetNextTargetRequired(pindexPrev, IsProofOfStake()))
         return DoS(100, error("AcceptBlock() : incorrect %s", IsProofOfWork() ? "proof-of-work" : "proof-of-stake"));
 
+    int64_t nMedianTimePast = pindexPrev->GetMedianTimePast();
+    int nMaxOffset = 12 * nOneHour; // 12 hours
+    if (fTestNet || pindexPrev->nTime < 1450569600)
+        nMaxOffset = 7 * nOneWeek; // One week (permanently on testNet or until 20 Dec, 2015 on mainNet)
+
     // Check timestamp against prev
-    if (GetBlockTime() <= pindexPrev->GetMedianTimePast() || FutureDrift(GetBlockTime()) < pindexPrev->GetBlockTime())
+    if (GetBlockTime() <= nMedianTimePast || FutureDrift(GetBlockTime()) < pindexPrev->GetBlockTime())
         return error("AcceptBlock() : block's timestamp is too early");
 
+    // Don't accept blocks with future timestamps
+    if (pindexPrev->nHeight > 1 && nMedianTimePast  + nMaxOffset < GetBlockTime())
+        return error("AcceptBlock() : block's timestamp is too far in the future");
+
     // Check that all transactions are finalized
     BOOST_FOREACH(const CTransaction& tx, vtx)
         if (!tx.IsFinal(nHeight, GetBlockTime()))
@@ -2385,7 +2359,7 @@ bool CBlock::AcceptBlock()
     // Write block to history file
     if (!CheckDiskSpace(::GetSerializeSize(*this, SER_DISK, CLIENT_VERSION)))
         return error("AcceptBlock() : out of disk space");
-    unsigned int nFile = -1;
+    unsigned int nFile = std::numeric_limits<unsigned int>::max();
     unsigned int nBlockPos = 0;
     if (!WriteToDisk(nFile, nBlockPos))
         return error("AcceptBlock() : WriteToDisk failed");
@@ -2416,21 +2390,9 @@ uint256 CBlockIndex::GetBlockTrust() const
     if (bnTarget <= 0)
         return 0;
 
-    /* Old protocol */
-    if (!fTestNet && GetBlockTime() < CHAINCHECKS_SWITCH_TIME)
-        return (IsProofOfStake()? ((CBigNum(1)<<256) / (bnTarget+1)).getuint256() : 1);
-
-    /* New protocol */
-
-    // Calculate work amount for block
-    uint256 nPoWTrust = (CBigNum(nPoWBase) / (bnTarget+1)).getuint256();
-
-    // Set nPowTrust to 1 if we are checking PoS block or PoW difficulty is too low
-    nPoWTrust = (IsProofOfStake() || nPoWTrust < 1) ? 1 : nPoWTrust;
-
-    // Return nPoWTrust for the first 12 blocks
+    // Return 1 for the first 12 blocks
     if (pprev == NULL || pprev->nHeight < 12)
-        return nPoWTrust;
+        return 1;
 
     const CBlockIndex* currentIndex = pprev;
 
@@ -2460,11 +2422,18 @@ uint256 CBlockIndex::GetBlockTrust() const
     }
     else
     {
+        // Calculate work amount for block
+        CBigNum bnPoWTrust = CBigNum(nPoWBase) / (bnTarget+1);
+
+        // Set nPowTrust to 1 if PoW difficulty is too low
+        if (bnPoWTrust < 1)
+            bnPoWTrust = 1;
+
         CBigNum bnLastBlockTrust = CBigNum(pprev->nChainTrust - pprev->pprev->nChainTrust);
 
         // Return nPoWTrust + 2/3 of previous block score if two parent blocks are not PoS blocks
         if (!(pprev->IsProofOfStake() && pprev->pprev->IsProofOfStake()))
-            return nPoWTrust + (2 * bnLastBlockTrust / 3).getuint256();
+            return (bnPoWTrust + 2 * bnLastBlockTrust / 3).getuint256();
 
         int nPoSCount = 0;
 
@@ -2478,7 +2447,7 @@ uint256 CBlockIndex::GetBlockTrust() const
 
         // Return nPoWTrust + 2/3 of previous block score if less than 7 PoS blocks found
         if (nPoSCount < 7)
-            return nPoWTrust + (2 * bnLastBlockTrust / 3).getuint256();
+            return (bnPoWTrust + 2 * bnLastBlockTrust / 3).getuint256();
 
         bnTarget.SetCompact(pprev->nBits);
 
@@ -2488,7 +2457,7 @@ uint256 CBlockIndex::GetBlockTrust() const
         CBigNum bnNewTrust = (CBigNum(1)<<256) / (bnTarget+1);
 
         // Return nPoWTrust + full trust score for previous block nBits
-        return nPoWTrust + bnNewTrust.getuint256();
+        return (bnPoWTrust + bnNewTrust).getuint256();
     }
 }
 
@@ -2504,6 +2473,25 @@ bool CBlockIndex::IsSuperMajority(int minVersion, const CBlockIndex* pstart, uns
     return (nFound >= nRequired);
 }
 
+bool static ReserealizeBlockSignature(CBlock* pblock)
+{
+    if (pblock->IsProofOfWork())
+    {
+        pblock->vchBlockSig.clear();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    return CPubKey::ReserealizeSignature(pblock->vchBlockSig);
+}
+
+bool static IsCanonicalBlockSignature(CBlock* pblock)
+{
+    if (pblock->IsProofOfWork())
+        return pblock->vchBlockSig.empty();
+
+    return IsDERSignature(pblock->vchBlockSig);
+}
+
 bool ProcessBlock(CNode* pfrom, CBlock* pblock)
 {
     // Check for duplicate
@@ -2513,14 +2501,27 @@ bool ProcessBlock(CNode* pfrom, CBlock* pblock)
     if (mapOrphanBlocks.count(hash))
         return error("ProcessBlock() : already have block (orphan) %s", hash.ToString().substr(0,20).c_str());
 
-    // ppcoin: check proof-of-stake
+    // Check that block isn't listed as unconditionally banned.
+    if (!Checkpoints::CheckBanned(hash)) {
+        if (pfrom)
+            pfrom->Misbehaving(100);
+        return error("ProcessBlock() : block %s is rejected by hard-coded banlist", hash.GetHex().substr(0,20).c_str());
+    }
+
+    // Check proof-of-stake
     // Limited duplicity on stake: prevents block flood attack
     // Duplicate stake allowed only when there is orphan child block
     if (pblock->IsProofOfStake() && setStakeSeen.count(pblock->GetProofOfStake()) && !mapOrphanBlocksByPrev.count(hash) && !Checkpoints::WantedByPendingSyncCheckpoint(hash))
         return error("ProcessBlock() : duplicate proof-of-stake (%s, %d) for block %s", pblock->GetProofOfStake().first.ToString().c_str(), pblock->GetProofOfStake().second, hash.ToString().c_str());
 
+    // Strip the garbage from newly received blocks, if we found some
+    if (!IsCanonicalBlockSignature(pblock)) {
+        if (!ReserealizeBlockSignature(pblock))
+            printf("WARNING: ProcessBlock() : ReserealizeBlockSignature FAILED\n");
+    }
+
     // Preliminary checks
-    if (!pblock->CheckBlock())
+    if (!pblock->CheckBlock(true, true, (pblock->nTime > Checkpoints::GetLastCheckpointTime())))
         return error("ProcessBlock() : CheckBlock FAILED");
 
     // ppcoin: verify hash target and signature of coinstake tx
@@ -2540,7 +2541,7 @@ bool ProcessBlock(CNode* pfrom, CBlock* pblock)
     if (pcheckpoint && pblock->hashPrevBlock != hashBestChain && !Checkpoints::WantedByPendingSyncCheckpoint(hash))
     {
         // Extra checks to prevent "fill up memory by spamming with bogus blocks"
-        int64 deltaTime = pblock->GetBlockTime() - pcheckpoint->nTime;
+        int64_t deltaTime = pblock->GetBlockTime() - pcheckpoint->nTime;
         CBigNum bnNewBlock;
         bnNewBlock.SetCompact(pblock->nBits);
         CBigNum bnRequired;
@@ -2566,17 +2567,17 @@ bool ProcessBlock(CNode* pfrom, CBlock* pblock)
     if (!mapBlockIndex.count(pblock->hashPrevBlock))
     {
         printf("ProcessBlock: ORPHAN BLOCK, prev=%s\n", pblock->hashPrevBlock.ToString().substr(0,20).c_str());
-        CBlock* pblock2 = new CBlock(*pblock);
         // ppcoin: check proof-of-stake
-        if (pblock2->IsProofOfStake())
+        if (pblock->IsProofOfStake())
         {
             // Limited duplicity on stake: prevents block flood attack
             // Duplicate stake allowed only when there is orphan child block
-            if (setStakeSeenOrphan.count(pblock2->GetProofOfStake()) && !mapOrphanBlocksByPrev.count(hash) && !Checkpoints::WantedByPendingSyncCheckpoint(hash))
-                return error("ProcessBlock() : duplicate proof-of-stake (%s, %d) for orphan block %s", pblock2->GetProofOfStake().first.ToString().c_str(), pblock2->GetProofOfStake().second, hash.ToString().c_str());
+            if (setStakeSeenOrphan.count(pblock->GetProofOfStake()) && !mapOrphanBlocksByPrev.count(hash) && !Checkpoints::WantedByPendingSyncCheckpoint(hash))
+                return error("ProcessBlock() : duplicate proof-of-stake (%s, %d) for orphan block %s", pblock->GetProofOfStake().first.ToString().c_str(), pblock->GetProofOfStake().second, hash.ToString().c_str());
             else
-                setStakeSeenOrphan.insert(pblock2->GetProofOfStake());
+                setStakeSeenOrphan.insert(pblock->GetProofOfStake());
         }
+        CBlock* pblock2 = new CBlock(*pblock);
         mapOrphanBlocks.insert(make_pair(hash, pblock2));
         mapOrphanBlocksByPrev.insert(make_pair(pblock2->hashPrevBlock, pblock2));
 
@@ -2625,113 +2626,32 @@ bool ProcessBlock(CNode* pfrom, CBlock* pblock)
     return true;
 }
 
-// novacoin: attempt to generate suitable proof-of-stake
-bool CBlock::SignBlock(CWallet& wallet)
-{
-    // if we are trying to sign
-    //    something except proof-of-stake block template
-    if (!vtx[0].vout[0].IsEmpty())
-        return false;
-
-    // if we are trying to sign
-    //    a complete proof-of-stake block
-    if (IsProofOfStake())
-        return true;
-
-    static int64 nLastCoinStakeSearchTime = GetAdjustedTime(); // startup timestamp
-
-    CKey key;
-    CTransaction txCoinStake;
-    int64 nSearchTime = txCoinStake.nTime; // search to current time
-
-    if (nSearchTime > nLastCoinStakeSearchTime)
-    {
-        if (wallet.CreateCoinStake(wallet, nBits, nSearchTime-nLastCoinStakeSearchTime, txCoinStake, key))
-        {
-            if (txCoinStake.nTime >= max(pindexBest->GetMedianTimePast()+1, PastDrift(pindexBest->GetBlockTime())))
-            {
-                // make sure coinstake would meet timestamp protocol
-                //    as it would be the same as the block timestamp
-                vtx[0].nTime = nTime = txCoinStake.nTime;
-                nTime = max(pindexBest->GetMedianTimePast()+1, GetMaxTransactionTime());
-                nTime = max(GetBlockTime(), PastDrift(pindexBest->GetBlockTime()));
-
-                // we have to make sure that we have no future timestamps in
-                //    our transactions set
-                for (vector<CTransaction>::iterator it = vtx.begin(); it != vtx.end();)
-                    if (it->nTime > nTime) { it = vtx.erase(it); } else { ++it; }
-
-                vtx.insert(vtx.begin() + 1, txCoinStake);
-                hashMerkleRoot = BuildMerkleTree();
-
-                // append a signature to our block
-                return key.Sign(GetHash(), vchBlockSig);
-            }
-        }
-        nLastCoinStakeSearchInterval = nSearchTime - nLastCoinStakeSearchTime;
-        nLastCoinStakeSearchTime = nSearchTime;
-    }
-
-    return false;
-}
-
 // ppcoin: check block signature
-bool CBlock::CheckBlockSignature(bool fProofOfStake) const
+bool CBlock::CheckBlockSignature() const
 {
-    if (GetHash() == (!fTestNet ? hashGenesisBlock : hashGenesisBlockTestNet))
-        return vchBlockSig.empty();
+    if (vchBlockSig.empty())
+        return false;
 
-    vector<valtype> vSolutions;
     txnouttype whichType;
+    vector<valtype> vSolutions;
+    if (!Solver(vtx[1].vout[1].scriptPubKey, whichType, vSolutions))
+        return false;
 
-    if(fProofOfStake)
+    if (whichType == TX_PUBKEY)
     {
-        const CTxOut& txout = vtx[1].vout[1];
-
-        if (!Solver(txout.scriptPubKey, whichType, vSolutions))
+        valtype& vchPubKey = vSolutions[0];
+        CPubKey key(vchPubKey);
+        if (!key.IsValid())
             return false;
-        if (whichType == TX_PUBKEY)
-        {
-            valtype& vchPubKey = vSolutions[0];
-            CKey key;
-            if (!key.SetPubKey(vchPubKey))
-                return false;
-            if (vchBlockSig.empty())
-                return false;
-            return key.Verify(GetHash(), vchBlockSig);
-        }
+        return key.Verify(GetHash(), vchBlockSig);
     }
-    else
-    {
-        for(unsigned int i = 0; i < vtx[0].vout.size(); i++)
-        {
-            const CTxOut& txout = vtx[0].vout[i];
-
-            if (!Solver(txout.scriptPubKey, whichType, vSolutions))
-                return false;
-
-            if (whichType == TX_PUBKEY)
-            {
-                // Verify
-                valtype& vchPubKey = vSolutions[0];
-                CKey key;
-                if (!key.SetPubKey(vchPubKey))
-                    continue;
-                if (vchBlockSig.empty())
-                    continue;
-                if(!key.Verify(GetHash(), vchBlockSig))
-                    continue;
 
-                return true;
-            }
-        }
-    }
     return false;
 }
 
-bool CheckDiskSpace(uint64 nAdditionalBytes)
+bool CheckDiskSpace(uint64_t nAdditionalBytes)
 {
-    uint64 nFreeBytesAvailable = filesystem::space(GetDataDir()).available;
+    uint64_t nFreeBytesAvailable = filesystem::space(GetDataDir()).available;
 
     // Check for nMinDiskSpace bytes (currently 50MB)
     if (nFreeBytesAvailable < nMinDiskSpace + nAdditionalBytes)
@@ -2755,7 +2675,7 @@ static filesystem::path BlockFilePath(unsigned int nFile)
 
 FILE* OpenBlockFile(unsigned int nFile, unsigned int nBlockPos, const char* pszMode)
 {
-    if ((nFile < 1) || (nFile == (unsigned int) -1))
+    if ((nFile < 1) || (nFile == std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max()))
         return NULL;
     FILE* file = fopen(BlockFilePath(nFile).string().c_str(), pszMode);
     if (!file)
@@ -2776,7 +2696,7 @@ static unsigned int nCurrentBlockFile = 1;
 FILE* AppendBlockFile(unsigned int& nFileRet)
 {
     nFileRet = 0;
-    while (true)
+    for ( ; ; )
     {
         FILE* file = OpenBlockFile(nCurrentBlockFile, 0, "ab");
         if (!file)
@@ -2794,6 +2714,18 @@ FILE* AppendBlockFile(unsigned int& nFileRet)
     }
 }
 
+void UnloadBlockIndex()
+{
+    mapBlockIndex.clear();
+    setStakeSeen.clear();
+    pindexGenesisBlock = NULL;
+    nBestHeight = 0;
+    nBestChainTrust = 0;
+    nBestInvalidTrust = 0;
+    hashBestChain = 0;
+    pindexBest = NULL;
+}
+
 bool LoadBlockIndex(bool fAllowNew)
 {
     if (fTestNet)
@@ -2804,7 +2736,7 @@ bool LoadBlockIndex(bool fAllowNew)
         pchMessageStart[3] = 0xef;
 
         bnProofOfWorkLimit = bnProofOfWorkLimitTestNet; // 16 bits PoW target limit for testnet
-        nStakeMinAge = 2 * 60 * 60; // test net min age is 2 hours
+        nStakeMinAge = 2 * nOneHour; // test net min age is 2 hours
         nModifierInterval = 20 * 60; // test modifier interval is 20 minutes
         nCoinbaseMaturity = 10; // test maturity is 10 blocks
         nStakeTargetSpacing = 5 * 60; // test block spacing is 5 minutes
@@ -2971,7 +2903,7 @@ void PrintBlockTree()
         // print item
         CBlock block;
         block.ReadFromDisk(pindex);
-        printf("%d (%u,%u) %s  %08x  %s  mint %7s  tx %"PRIszu"",
+        printf("%d (%u,%u) %s  %08x  %s  mint %7s  tx %" PRIszu "",
             pindex->nHeight,
             pindex->nFile,
             pindex->nBlockPos,
@@ -3002,7 +2934,7 @@ void PrintBlockTree()
 
 bool LoadExternalBlockFile(FILE* fileIn)
 {
-    int64 nStart = GetTimeMillis();
+    int64_t nStart = GetTimeMillis();
 
     int nLoaded = 0;
     {
@@ -3010,15 +2942,15 @@ bool LoadExternalBlockFile(FILE* fileIn)
         try {
             CAutoFile blkdat(fileIn, SER_DISK, CLIENT_VERSION);
             unsigned int nPos = 0;
-            while (nPos != (unsigned int)-1 && blkdat.good() && !fRequestShutdown)
+            while (nPos != std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max() && blkdat.good() && !fRequestShutdown)
             {
                 unsigned char pchData[65536];
                 do {
                     fseek(blkdat, nPos, SEEK_SET);
-                    int nRead = fread(pchData, 1, sizeof(pchData), blkdat);
+                    size_t nRead = fread(pchData, 1, sizeof(pchData), blkdat);
                     if (nRead <= 8)
                     {
-                        nPos = (unsigned int)-1;
+                        nPos = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
                         break;
                     }
                     void* nFind = memchr(pchData, pchMessageStart[0], nRead+1-sizeof(pchMessageStart));
@@ -3034,7 +2966,7 @@ bool LoadExternalBlockFile(FILE* fileIn)
                     else
                         nPos += sizeof(pchData) - sizeof(pchMessageStart) + 1;
                 } while(!fRequestShutdown);
-                if (nPos == (unsigned int)-1)
+                if (nPos == std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max())
                     break;
                 fseek(blkdat, nPos, SEEK_SET);
                 unsigned int nSize;
@@ -3051,12 +2983,12 @@ bool LoadExternalBlockFile(FILE* fileIn)
                 }
             }
         }
-        catch (std::exception &e) {
+        catch (const std::exception&) {
             printf("%s() : Deserialize or I/O error caught during load\n",
                    BOOST_CURRENT_FUNCTION);
         }
     }
-    printf("Loaded %i blocks from external file in %"PRI64d"ms\n", nLoaded, GetTimeMillis() - nStart);
+    printf("Loaded %i blocks from external file in %" PRId64 "ms\n", nLoaded, GetTimeMillis() - nStart);
     return nLoaded > 0;
 }
 
@@ -3078,7 +3010,7 @@ string GetWarnings(string strFor)
         strRPC = "test";
 
     // Misc warnings like out of disk space and clock is wrong
-    if (strMiscWarning != "")
+    if (!strMiscWarning.empty())
     {
         nPriority = 1000;
         strStatusBar = strMiscWarning;
@@ -3086,7 +3018,7 @@ string GetWarnings(string strFor)
 
     // if detected unmet upgrade requirement enter safe mode
     // Note: Modifier upgrade requires blockchain redownload if past protocol switch
-    if (IsFixedModifierInterval(nModifierUpgradeTime + 60*60*24)) // 1 day margin
+    if (IsFixedModifierInterval(nModifierUpgradeTime + nOneDay)) // 1 day margin
     {
         nPriority = 5000;
         strStatusBar = strRPC = "WARNING: Blockchain redownload required approaching or past v.0.4.4.6u4 upgrade deadline.";
@@ -3173,7 +3105,7 @@ bool static ProcessMessage(CNode* pfrom, string strCommand, CDataStream& vRecv)
     static map<CService, CPubKey> mapReuseKey;
     RandAddSeedPerfmon();
     if (fDebug)
-        printf("received: %s (%"PRIszu" bytes)\n", strCommand.c_str(), vRecv.size());
+        printf("received: %s (%" PRIszu " bytes)\n", strCommand.c_str(), vRecv.size());
     if (mapArgs.count("-dropmessagestest") && GetRand(atoi(mapArgs["-dropmessagestest"])) == 0)
     {
         printf("dropmessagestest DROPPING RECV MESSAGE\n");
@@ -3189,10 +3121,10 @@ bool static ProcessMessage(CNode* pfrom, string strCommand, CDataStream& vRecv)
             return false;
         }
 
-        int64 nTime;
+        int64_t nTime;
         CAddress addrMe;
         CAddress addrFrom;
-        uint64 nNonce = 1;
+        uint64_t nNonce = 1;
         vRecv >> pfrom->nVersion >> pfrom->nServices >> nTime >> addrMe;
         if (pfrom->nVersion < MIN_PROTO_VERSION)
         {
@@ -3337,19 +3269,19 @@ bool static ProcessMessage(CNode* pfrom, string strCommand, CDataStream& vRecv)
         if (vAddr.size() > 1000)
         {
             pfrom->Misbehaving(20);
-            return error("message addr size() = %"PRIszu"", vAddr.size());
+            return error("message addr size() = %" PRIszu "", vAddr.size());
         }
 
         // Store the new addresses
         vector<CAddress> vAddrOk;
-        int64 nNow = GetAdjustedTime();
-        int64 nSince = nNow - 10 * 60;
+        int64_t nNow = GetAdjustedTime();
+        int64_t nSince = nNow - 10 * 60;
         BOOST_FOREACH(CAddress& addr, vAddr)
         {
             if (fShutdown)
                 return true;
             if (addr.nTime <= 100000000 || addr.nTime > nNow + 10 * 60)
-                addr.nTime = nNow - 5 * 24 * 60 * 60;
+                addr.nTime = nNow - 5 * nOneDay;
             pfrom->AddAddressKnown(addr);
             bool fReachable = IsReachable(addr);
             if (addr.nTime > nSince && !pfrom->fGetAddr && vAddr.size() <= 10 && addr.IsRoutable())
@@ -3362,8 +3294,8 @@ bool static ProcessMessage(CNode* pfrom, string strCommand, CDataStream& vRecv)
                     static uint256 hashSalt;
                     if (hashSalt == 0)
                         hashSalt = GetRandHash();
-                    uint64 hashAddr = addr.GetHash();
-                    uint256 hashRand = hashSalt ^ (hashAddr<<32) ^ ((GetTime()+hashAddr)/(24*60*60));
+                    uint64_t hashAddr = addr.GetHash();
+                    uint256 hashRand = hashSalt ^ (hashAddr<<32) ^ ((GetTime()+hashAddr)/nOneDay);
                     hashRand = Hash(BEGIN(hashRand), END(hashRand));
                     multimap<uint256, CNode*> mapMix;
                     BOOST_FOREACH(CNode* pnode, vNodes)
@@ -3385,7 +3317,7 @@ bool static ProcessMessage(CNode* pfrom, string strCommand, CDataStream& vRecv)
             if (fReachable)
                 vAddrOk.push_back(addr);
         }
-        addrman.Add(vAddrOk, pfrom->addr, 2 * 60 * 60);
+        addrman.Add(vAddrOk, pfrom->addr, 2 * nOneHour);
         if (vAddr.size() < 1000)
             pfrom->fGetAddr = false;
         if (pfrom->fOneShot)
@@ -3399,19 +3331,19 @@ bool static ProcessMessage(CNode* pfrom, string strCommand, CDataStream& vRecv)
         if (vInv.size() > MAX_INV_SZ)
         {
             pfrom->Misbehaving(20);
-            return error("message inv size() = %"PRIszu"", vInv.size());
+            return error("message inv size() = %" PRIszu "", vInv.size());
         }
 
         // find last block in inv vector
-        unsigned int nLastBlock = (unsigned int)(-1);
-        for (unsigned int nInv = 0; nInv < vInv.size(); nInv++) {
+        size_t nLastBlock = std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max();
+        for (size_t nInv = 0; nInv < vInv.size(); nInv++) {
             if (vInv[vInv.size() - 1 - nInv].type == MSG_BLOCK) {
                 nLastBlock = vInv.size() - 1 - nInv;
                 break;
             }
         }
         CTxDB txdb("r");
-        for (unsigned int nInv = 0; nInv < vInv.size(); nInv++)
+        for (size_t nInv = 0; nInv < vInv.size(); nInv++)
         {
             const CInv &inv = vInv[nInv];
 
@@ -3449,11 +3381,11 @@ bool static ProcessMessage(CNode* pfrom, string strCommand, CDataStream& vRecv)
         if (vInv.size() > MAX_INV_SZ)
         {
             pfrom->Misbehaving(20);
-            return error("message getdata size() = %"PRIszu"", vInv.size());
+            return error("message getdata size() = %" PRIszu "", vInv.size());
         }
 
         if (fDebugNet || (vInv.size() != 1))
-            printf("received getdata (%"PRIszu" invsz)\n", vInv.size());
+            printf("received getdata (%" PRIszu " invsz)\n", vInv.size());
 
         BOOST_FOREACH(const CInv& inv, vInv)
         {
@@ -3687,10 +3619,15 @@ bool static ProcessMessage(CNode* pfrom, string strCommand, CDataStream& vRecv)
     }
 
 
-    else if (strCommand == "getaddr")
+    // This asymmetric behavior for inbound and outbound connections was introduced
+    // to prevent a fingerprinting attack: an attacker can send specific fake addresses
+    // to users' AddrMan and later request them by sending getaddr messages. 
+    // Making users (which are behind NAT and can only make outgoing connections) ignore 
+    // getaddr message mitigates the attack.
+    else if ((strCommand == "getaddr") && (pfrom->fInbound))
     {
         // Don't return addresses older than nCutOff timestamp
-        int64 nCutOff = GetTime() - (nNodeLifespan * 24 * 60 * 60);
+        int64_t nCutOff = GetTime() - (nNodeLifespan * nOneDay);
         pfrom->vAddrToSend.clear();
         vector<CAddress> vAddr = addrman.GetAddr();
         BOOST_FOREACH(const CAddress &addr, vAddr)
@@ -3722,7 +3659,7 @@ bool static ProcessMessage(CNode* pfrom, string strCommand, CDataStream& vRecv)
 
         if (!GetBoolArg("-allowreceivebyip"))
         {
-            pfrom->PushMessage("reply", hashReply, (int)2, string(""));
+            pfrom->PushMessage("reply", hashReply, 2, string(""));
             return true;
         }
 
@@ -3738,7 +3675,7 @@ bool static ProcessMessage(CNode* pfrom, string strCommand, CDataStream& vRecv)
         // Send back approval of order and pubkey to use
         CScript scriptPubKey;
         scriptPubKey << mapReuseKey[pfrom->addr] << OP_CHECKSIG;
-        pfrom->PushMessage("reply", hashReply, (int)0, scriptPubKey);
+        pfrom->PushMessage("reply", hashReply, 0, scriptPubKey);
     }
 
 
@@ -3764,23 +3701,20 @@ bool static ProcessMessage(CNode* pfrom, string strCommand, CDataStream& vRecv)
 
     else if (strCommand == "ping")
     {
-        if (pfrom->nVersion > BIP0031_VERSION)
-        {
-            uint64 nonce = 0;
-            vRecv >> nonce;
-            // Echo the message back with the nonce. This allows for two useful features:
-            //
-            // 1) A remote node can quickly check if the connection is operational
-            // 2) Remote nodes can measure the latency of the network thread. If this node
-            //    is overloaded it won't respond to pings quickly and the remote node can
-            //    avoid sending us more work, like chain download requests.
-            //
-            // The nonce stops the remote getting confused between different pings: without
-            // it, if the remote node sends a ping once per second and this node takes 5
-            // seconds to respond to each, the 5th ping the remote sends would appear to
-            // return very quickly.
-            pfrom->PushMessage("pong", nonce);
-        }
+        uint64_t nonce = 0;
+        vRecv >> nonce;
+        // Echo the message back with the nonce. This allows for two useful features:
+        //
+        // 1) A remote node can quickly check if the connection is operational
+        // 2) Remote nodes can measure the latency of the network thread. If this node
+        //    is overloaded it won't respond to pings quickly and the remote node can
+        //    avoid sending us more work, like chain download requests.
+        //
+        // The nonce stops the remote getting confused between different pings: without
+        // it, if the remote node sends a ping once per second and this node takes 5
+        // seconds to respond to each, the 5th ping the remote sends would appear to
+        // return very quickly.
+        pfrom->PushMessage("pong", nonce);
     }
 
 
@@ -3847,7 +3781,7 @@ bool ProcessMessages(CNode* pfrom)
     //  (x) data
     //
 
-    while (true)
+    for ( ; ; )
     {
         // Don't bother if send buffer is too full to respond anyway
         if (pfrom->vSend.size() >= SendBufferSize())
@@ -3866,7 +3800,7 @@ bool ProcessMessages(CNode* pfrom)
             break;
         }
         if (pstart - vRecv.begin() > 0)
-            printf("\n\nPROCESSMESSAGE SKIPPED %"PRIpdd" BYTES\n\n", pstart - vRecv.begin());
+            printf("\n\nPROCESSMESSAGE SKIPPED %" PRIpdd " BYTES\n\n", pstart - vRecv.begin());
         vRecv.erase(vRecv.begin(), pstart);
 
         // Read header
@@ -3952,22 +3886,22 @@ bool ProcessMessages(CNode* pfrom)
 }
 
 
-bool SendMessages(CNode* pto, bool fSendTrickle)
+bool SendMessages(CNode* pto)
 {
     TRY_LOCK(cs_main, lockMain);
     if (lockMain) {
+        // Current time in microseconds
+        int64_t nNow = GetTimeMicros();
+
         // Don't send anything until we get their version message
         if (pto->nVersion == 0)
             return true;
 
         // Keep-alive ping. We send a nonce of zero because we don't use it anywhere
         // right now.
-        if (pto->nLastSend && GetTime() - pto->nLastSend > 30 * 60 && pto->vSend.empty()) {
-            uint64 nonce = 0;
-            if (pto->nVersion > BIP0031_VERSION)
-                pto->PushMessage("ping", nonce);
-            else
-                pto->PushMessage("ping");
+        if (pto->nLastSend && GetTime() - pto->nLastSend > nPingInterval && pto->vSend.empty()) {
+            uint64_t nonce = 0;
+            pto->PushMessage("ping", nonce);
         }
 
         // Start block sync
@@ -3980,39 +3914,20 @@ bool SendMessages(CNode* pto, bool fSendTrickle)
         ResendWalletTransactions();
 
         // Address refresh broadcast
-        static int64 nLastRebroadcast;
-        if (!IsInitialBlockDownload() && (GetTime() - nLastRebroadcast > 24 * 60 * 60))
-        {
-            {
-                LOCK(cs_vNodes);
-                BOOST_FOREACH(CNode* pnode, vNodes)
-                {
-                    // Periodically clear setAddrKnown to allow refresh broadcasts
-                    if (nLastRebroadcast)
-                        pnode->setAddrKnown.clear();
-
-                    // Rebroadcast our address
-                    if (!fNoListen)
-                    {
-                        CAddress addr = GetLocalAddress(&pnode->addr);
-                        if (addr.IsRoutable())
-                            pnode->PushAddress(addr);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            nLastRebroadcast = GetTime();
+        if (!IsInitialBlockDownload() && pto->nNextLocalAddrSend < nNow) {
+            AdvertiseLocal(pto);
+            pto->nNextLocalAddrSend = PoissonNextSend(nNow, nOneDay);
         }
 
         //
         // Message: addr
         //
-        if (fSendTrickle)
-        {
+        if (pto->nNextAddrSend < nNow) {
+            pto->nNextAddrSend = PoissonNextSend(nNow, 30);
             vector<CAddress> vAddr;
             vAddr.reserve(pto->vAddrToSend.size());
             BOOST_FOREACH(const CAddress& addr, pto->vAddrToSend)
             {
-                // returns true if wasn't already contained in the set
                 if (pto->setAddrKnown.insert(addr).second)
                 {
                     vAddr.push_back(addr);
@@ -4029,13 +3944,17 @@ bool SendMessages(CNode* pto, bool fSendTrickle)
                 pto->PushMessage("addr", vAddr);
         }
 
-
         //
         // Message: inventory
         //
         vector<CInv> vInv;
         vector<CInv> vInvWait;
         {
+            bool fSendTrickle = false;
+            if (pto->nNextInvSend < nNow) {
+                fSendTrickle = true;
+                pto->nNextInvSend = PoissonNextSend(nNow, 5);
+            }
             LOCK(pto->cs_inventory);
             vInv.reserve(pto->vInventoryToSend.size());
             vInvWait.reserve(pto->vInventoryToSend.size());
@@ -4055,15 +3974,6 @@ bool SendMessages(CNode* pto, bool fSendTrickle)
                     hashRand = Hash(BEGIN(hashRand), END(hashRand));
                     bool fTrickleWait = ((hashRand & 3) != 0);
 
-                    // always trickle our own transactions
-                    if (!fTrickleWait)
-                    {
-                        CWalletTx wtx;
-                        if (GetTransaction(inv.hash, wtx))
-                            if (wtx.fFromMe)
-                                fTrickleWait = true;
-                    }
-
                     if (fTrickleWait)
                     {
                         vInvWait.push_back(inv);
@@ -4092,7 +4002,6 @@ bool SendMessages(CNode* pto, bool fSendTrickle)
         // Message: getdata
         //
         vector<CInv> vGetData;
-        int64 nNow = GetTime() * 1000000;
         CTxDB txdb("r");
         while (!pto->mapAskFor.empty() && (*pto->mapAskFor.begin()).first <= nNow)
         {
@@ -4117,3 +4026,25 @@ bool SendMessages(CNode* pto, bool fSendTrickle)
     }
     return true;
 }
+
+
+class CMainCleanup
+{
+public:
+    CMainCleanup() {}
+    ~CMainCleanup() {
+        // block headers
+        std::map<uint256, CBlockIndex*>::iterator it1 = mapBlockIndex.begin();
+        for (; it1 != mapBlockIndex.end(); it1++)
+            delete (*it1).second;
+        mapBlockIndex.clear();
+
+        // orphan blocks
+        std::map<uint256, CBlock*>::iterator it2 = mapOrphanBlocks.begin();
+        for (; it2 != mapOrphanBlocks.end(); it2++)
+            delete (*it2).second;
+        mapOrphanBlocks.clear();
+
+        // orphan transactions
+    }
+} instance_of_cmaincleanup;