3 # Electrum - lightweight Bitcoin client
4 # Copyright (C) 2011 thomasv@gitorious
6 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
7 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
8 # the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
9 # (at your option) any later version.
11 # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
12 # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
13 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
14 # GNU General Public License for more details.
16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
17 # along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
20 import hashlib, base64, ecdsa, re
24 return s.decode('hex')[::-1].encode('hex')
26 def int_to_hex(i, length=1):
27 s = hex(i)[2:].rstrip('L')
28 s = "0"*(2*length - len(s)) + s
32 # https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Protocol_specification#Variable_length_integer
36 return "fd"+int_to_hex(i,2)
38 return "fe"+int_to_hex(i,4)
40 return "ff"+int_to_hex(i,8)
46 return '4c' + int_to_hex(i)
48 return '4d' + int_to_hex(i,2)
50 return '4e' + int_to_hex(i,4)
54 Hash = lambda x: hashlib.sha256(hashlib.sha256(x).digest()).digest()
55 hash_encode = lambda x: x[::-1].encode('hex')
56 hash_decode = lambda x: x.decode('hex')[::-1]
59 # pywallet openssl private key implementation
61 def i2d_ECPrivateKey(pkey, compressed=False):
63 key = '3081d30201010420' + \
64 '%064x' % pkey.secret + \
65 'a081a53081a2020101302c06072a8648ce3d0101022100' + \
67 '3006040100040107042102' + \
73 key = '308201130201010420' + \
74 '%064x' % pkey.secret + \
75 'a081a53081a2020101302c06072a8648ce3d0101022100' + \
77 '3006040100040107044104' + \
84 return key.decode('hex') + i2o_ECPublicKey(pkey.pubkey, compressed)
86 def i2o_ECPublicKey(pubkey, compressed=False):
87 # public keys are 65 bytes long (520 bits)
88 # 0x04 + 32-byte X-coordinate + 32-byte Y-coordinate
89 # 0x00 = point at infinity, 0x02 and 0x03 = compressed, 0x04 = uncompressed
90 # compressed keys: <sign> <x> where <sign> is 0x02 if y is even and 0x03 if y is odd
92 if pubkey.point.y() & 1:
93 key = '03' + '%064x' % pubkey.point.x()
95 key = '02' + '%064x' % pubkey.point.x()
98 '%064x' % pubkey.point.x() + \
99 '%064x' % pubkey.point.y()
101 return key.decode('hex')
103 # end pywallet openssl private key implementation
107 ############ functions from pywallet #####################
109 def hash_160(public_key):
111 md = hashlib.new('ripemd160')
112 md.update(hashlib.sha256(public_key).digest())
116 md = ripemd.new(hashlib.sha256(public_key).digest())
120 def public_key_to_bc_address(public_key):
121 h160 = hash_160(public_key)
122 return hash_160_to_bc_address(h160)
124 def hash_160_to_bc_address(h160, addrtype = 0):
125 vh160 = chr(addrtype) + h160
127 addr = vh160 + h[0:4]
128 return b58encode(addr)
130 def bc_address_to_hash_160(addr):
131 bytes = b58decode(addr, 25)
132 return ord(bytes[0]), bytes[1:21]
134 def encode_point(pubkey, compressed=False):
135 order = generator_secp256k1.order()
136 p = pubkey.pubkey.point
137 x_str = ecdsa.util.number_to_string(p.x(), order)
138 y_str = ecdsa.util.number_to_string(p.y(), order)
140 return chr(2 + (p.y() & 1)) + x_str
142 return chr(4) + pubkey.to_string() #x_str + y_str
144 __b58chars = '123456789ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijkmnopqrstuvwxyz'
145 __b58base = len(__b58chars)
148 """ encode v, which is a string of bytes, to base58."""
151 for (i, c) in enumerate(v[::-1]):
152 long_value += (256**i) * ord(c)
155 while long_value >= __b58base:
156 div, mod = divmod(long_value, __b58base)
157 result = __b58chars[mod] + result
159 result = __b58chars[long_value] + result
161 # Bitcoin does a little leading-zero-compression:
162 # leading 0-bytes in the input become leading-1s
165 if c == '\0': nPad += 1
168 return (__b58chars[0]*nPad) + result
170 def b58decode(v, length):
171 """ decode v into a string of len bytes."""
173 for (i, c) in enumerate(v[::-1]):
174 long_value += __b58chars.find(c) * (__b58base**i)
177 while long_value >= 256:
178 div, mod = divmod(long_value, 256)
179 result = chr(mod) + result
181 result = chr(long_value) + result
185 if c == __b58chars[0]: nPad += 1
188 result = chr(0)*nPad + result
189 if length is not None and len(result) != length:
195 def EncodeBase58Check(vchIn):
197 return b58encode(vchIn + hash[0:4])
199 def DecodeBase58Check(psz):
200 vchRet = b58decode(psz, None)
210 def PrivKeyToSecret(privkey):
211 return privkey[9:9+32]
213 def SecretToASecret(secret, compressed=False, addrtype=0):
214 vchIn = chr((addrtype+128)&255) + secret
215 if compressed: vchIn += '\01'
216 return EncodeBase58Check(vchIn)
218 def ASecretToSecret(key, addrtype=0):
219 vch = DecodeBase58Check(key)
220 if vch and vch[0] == chr((addrtype+128)&255):
225 def regenerate_key(sec):
226 b = ASecretToSecret(sec)
230 secret = int('0x' + b.encode('hex'), 16)
231 return EC_KEY(secret)
233 def GetPubKey(pubkey, compressed=False):
234 return i2o_ECPublicKey(pubkey, compressed)
236 def GetPrivKey(pkey, compressed=False):
237 return i2d_ECPrivateKey(pkey, compressed)
240 return ('%064x' % pkey.secret).decode('hex')
242 def is_compressed(sec):
243 b = ASecretToSecret(sec)
247 def address_from_private_key(sec):
248 # rebuild public key from private key, compressed or uncompressed
249 pkey = regenerate_key(sec)
252 # figure out if private key is compressed
253 compressed = is_compressed(sec)
255 # rebuild private and public key from regenerated secret
256 private_key = GetPrivKey(pkey, compressed)
257 public_key = GetPubKey(pkey.pubkey, compressed)
258 address = public_key_to_bc_address(public_key)
262 ########### end pywallet functions #######################
264 # secp256k1, http://www.oid-info.com/get/1.3.132.0.10
265 _p = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEFFFFFC2FL
266 _r = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEBAAEDCE6AF48A03BBFD25E8CD0364141L
267 _b = 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000007L
268 _a = 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000L
269 _Gx = 0x79BE667EF9DCBBAC55A06295CE870B07029BFCDB2DCE28D959F2815B16F81798L
270 _Gy = 0x483ada7726a3c4655da4fbfc0e1108a8fd17b448a68554199c47d08ffb10d4b8L
271 curve_secp256k1 = ecdsa.ellipticcurve.CurveFp( _p, _a, _b )
272 generator_secp256k1 = ecdsa.ellipticcurve.Point( curve_secp256k1, _Gx, _Gy, _r )
273 oid_secp256k1 = (1,3,132,0,10)
274 SECP256k1 = ecdsa.curves.Curve("SECP256k1", curve_secp256k1, generator_secp256k1, oid_secp256k1 )
276 from ecdsa.util import string_to_number, number_to_string
278 def msg_magic(message):
279 return "\x18Bitcoin Signed Message:\n" + chr( len(message) ) + message
282 class EC_KEY(object):
283 def __init__( self, secret ):
284 self.pubkey = ecdsa.ecdsa.Public_key( generator_secp256k1, generator_secp256k1 * secret )
285 self.privkey = ecdsa.ecdsa.Private_key( self.pubkey, secret )
288 def sign_message(self, message, compressed, address):
289 private_key = ecdsa.SigningKey.from_secret_exponent( self.secret, curve = SECP256k1 )
290 public_key = private_key.get_verifying_key()
291 signature = private_key.sign_digest( Hash( msg_magic(message) ), sigencode = ecdsa.util.sigencode_string )
292 assert public_key.verify_digest( signature, Hash( msg_magic(message) ), sigdecode = ecdsa.util.sigdecode_string)
294 sig = base64.b64encode( chr(27 + i + (4 if compressed else 0)) + signature )
296 self.verify_message( address, sig, message)
301 raise BaseException("error: cannot sign message")
304 def verify_message(self, address, signature, message):
305 """ See http://www.secg.org/download/aid-780/sec1-v2.pdf for the math """
306 from ecdsa import numbertheory, ellipticcurve, util
308 curve = curve_secp256k1
309 G = generator_secp256k1
311 # extract r,s from signature
312 sig = base64.b64decode(signature)
313 if len(sig) != 65: raise BaseException("Wrong encoding")
314 r,s = util.sigdecode_string(sig[1:], order)
316 if nV < 27 or nV >= 35:
317 raise BaseException("Bad encoding")
326 x = r + (recid/2) * order
328 alpha = ( x * x * x + curve.a() * x + curve.b() ) % curve.p()
329 beta = msqr.modular_sqrt(alpha, curve.p())
330 y = beta if (beta - recid) % 2 == 0 else curve.p() - beta
331 # 1.4 the constructor checks that nR is at infinity
332 R = ellipticcurve.Point(curve, x, y, order)
333 # 1.5 compute e from message:
334 h = Hash( msg_magic(message) )
335 e = string_to_number(h)
337 # 1.6 compute Q = r^-1 (sR - eG)
338 inv_r = numbertheory.inverse_mod(r,order)
339 Q = inv_r * ( s * R + minus_e * G )
340 public_key = ecdsa.VerifyingKey.from_public_point( Q, curve = SECP256k1 )
341 # check that Q is the public key
342 public_key.verify_digest( sig[1:], h, sigdecode = ecdsa.util.sigdecode_string)
343 # check that we get the original signing address
344 addr = public_key_to_bc_address( encode_point(public_key, compressed) )
346 raise BaseException("Bad signature")
349 ###################################### BIP32 ##############################
351 def bip32_init(seed):
354 I = hmac.new("Bitcoin seed", seed, hashlib.sha512).digest()
356 print "seed", seed.encode('hex')
357 master_secret = I[0:32]
358 master_chain = I[32:]
362 master_private_key = ecdsa.SigningKey.from_string( master_secret, curve = SECP256k1 )
363 master_public_key = master_private_key.get_verifying_key()
364 K = master_public_key.to_string()
365 K_compressed = GetPubKey(master_public_key.pubkey,True)
366 return master_secret, master_chain, K, K_compressed
371 from ecdsa.util import string_to_number, number_to_string
372 order = generator_secp256k1.order()
373 keypair = EC_KEY(string_to_number(k))
374 K = GetPubKey(keypair.pubkey,True)
375 I = hmac.new(c, K + rev_hex(int_to_hex(n,4)).decode('hex'), hashlib.sha512).digest()
376 k_n = number_to_string( (string_to_number(I[0:32]) * string_to_number(k)) % order , order )
381 def CKD_prime(K, c, n):
383 from ecdsa.util import string_to_number, number_to_string
384 order = generator_secp256k1.order()
386 K_public_key = ecdsa.VerifyingKey.from_string( K, curve = SECP256k1 )
387 K_compressed = GetPubKey(K_public_key.pubkey,True)
389 I = hmac.new(c, K_compressed + rev_hex(int_to_hex(n,4)).decode('hex'), hashlib.sha512).digest()
391 #pubkey = ecdsa.ecdsa.Public_key( generator_secp256k1, string_to_number(I[0:32]) * K_public_key.pubkey.point )
392 public_key = ecdsa.VerifyingKey.from_public_point( string_to_number(I[0:32]) * K_public_key.pubkey.point, curve = SECP256k1 )
393 K_n = public_key.to_string()
394 K_n_compressed = GetPubKey(public_key.pubkey,True)
397 return K_n, K_n_compressed, c_n
401 class DeterministicSequence:
402 """ Privatekey(type,n) = Master_private_key + H(n|S|type) """
404 def __init__(self, master_public_key):
405 self.master_public_key = master_public_key
408 def from_seed(klass, seed):
410 secexp = klass.stretch_key(seed)
411 master_private_key = ecdsa.SigningKey.from_secret_exponent( secexp, curve = SECP256k1 )
412 master_public_key = master_private_key.get_verifying_key().to_string().encode('hex')
413 self = klass(master_public_key)
417 def stretch_key(self,seed):
419 for i in range(100000):
420 seed = hashlib.sha256(seed + oldseed).digest()
421 return string_to_number( seed )
423 def get_sequence(self,n,for_change):
424 return string_to_number( Hash( "%d:%d:"%(n,for_change) + self.master_public_key.decode('hex') ) )
426 def get_pubkey(self, n, for_change):
428 z = self.get_sequence(n, for_change)
429 master_public_key = ecdsa.VerifyingKey.from_string( self.master_public_key.decode('hex'), curve = SECP256k1 )
430 pubkey_point = master_public_key.pubkey.point + z*curve.generator
431 public_key2 = ecdsa.VerifyingKey.from_public_point( pubkey_point, curve = SECP256k1 )
432 return '04' + public_key2.to_string().encode('hex')
434 def get_private_key(self, n, for_change, seed):
435 order = generator_secp256k1.order()
436 secexp = self.stretch_key(seed)
437 secexp = ( secexp + self.get_sequence(n,for_change) ) % order
438 pk = number_to_string( secexp, generator_secp256k1.order() )
440 return SecretToASecret( pk, compressed )
442 def check_seed(self, seed):
444 secexp = self.stretch_key(seed)
445 master_private_key = ecdsa.SigningKey.from_secret_exponent( secexp, curve = SECP256k1 )
446 master_public_key = master_private_key.get_verifying_key().to_string().encode('hex')
447 if master_public_key != self.master_public_key:
448 print_error('invalid password (mpk)')
449 raise BaseException('Invalid password')
453 ################################## transactions
464 def __init__(self, raw):
467 self.inputs = self.d['inputs']
468 self.outputs = self.d['outputs']
469 self.outputs = map(lambda x: (x['address'],x['value']), self.outputs)
472 def from_io(klass, inputs, outputs):
473 raw = klass.serialize(inputs, outputs, for_sig = -1) # for_sig=-1 means do not sign
476 self.outputs = outputs
483 def multisig_script(klass, public_keys, num=None):
485 if num is None: num = n
486 # supports only "2 of 2", and "2 of 3" transactions
487 assert num <= n and n in [2,3]
496 for k in public_keys:
497 s += var_int(len(k)/2)
507 out = { "address": hash_160_to_bc_address(hash_160(s.decode('hex')), 5), "redeemScript":s }
511 def serialize( klass, inputs, outputs, for_sig = None ):
513 s = int_to_hex(1,4) # version
514 s += var_int( len(inputs) ) # number of inputs
515 for i in range(len(inputs)):
517 s += txin['tx_hash'].decode('hex')[::-1].encode('hex') # prev hash
518 s += int_to_hex(txin['index'],4) # prev index
521 pubkeysig = txin.get('pubkeysig')
523 pubkey, sig = pubkeysig[0]
524 sig = sig + chr(1) # hashtype
525 script = op_push( len(sig))
526 script += sig.encode('hex')
527 script += op_push( len(pubkey))
528 script += pubkey.encode('hex')
530 signatures = txin['signatures']
531 pubkeys = txin['pubkeys']
533 for sig in signatures:
535 script += op_push(len(sig)/2)
538 redeem_script = klass.multisig_script(pubkeys,2).get('redeemScript')
539 script += op_push(len(redeem_script)/2)
540 script += redeem_script
543 if txin.get('redeemScript'):
544 script = txin['redeemScript'] # p2sh uses the inner script
546 script = txin['raw_output_script'] # scriptsig
549 s += var_int( len(script)/2 ) # script length
551 s += "ffffffff" # sequence
553 s += var_int( len(outputs) ) # number of outputs
554 for output in outputs:
555 addr, amount = output
556 s += int_to_hex( amount, 8) # amount
557 addrtype, hash_160 = bc_address_to_hash_160(addr)
559 script = '76a9' # op_dup, op_hash_160
560 script += '14' # push 0x14 bytes
561 script += hash_160.encode('hex')
562 script += '88ac' # op_equalverify, op_checksig
564 script = 'a9' # op_hash_160
565 script += '14' # push 0x14 bytes
566 script += hash_160.encode('hex')
567 script += '87' # op_equal
571 s += var_int( len(script)/2 ) # script length
573 s += int_to_hex(0,4) # lock time
574 if for_sig is not None and for_sig != -1:
575 s += int_to_hex(1, 4) # hash type
580 return self.serialize(self.inputs, self.outputs, for_sig = i)
584 return Hash(self.raw.decode('hex') )[::-1].encode('hex')
586 def sign(self, private_keys):
589 for i in range(len(self.inputs)):
590 txin = self.inputs[i]
591 tx_for_sig = self.serialize( self.inputs, self.outputs, for_sig = i )
593 if txin.get('redeemScript'):
594 # 1 parse the redeem script
595 num, redeem_pubkeys = deserialize.parse_redeemScript(txin.get('redeemScript'))
596 self.inputs[i]["pubkeys"] = redeem_pubkeys
598 # build list of public/private keys
600 for sec in private_keys.values():
601 compressed = is_compressed(sec)
602 pkey = regenerate_key(sec)
603 pubkey = GetPubKey(pkey.pubkey, compressed)
604 keypairs[ pubkey.encode('hex') ] = sec
606 # list of already existing signatures
607 signatures = txin.get("signatures",[])
611 # check if we have a key corresponding to the redeem script
612 for pubkey in redeem_pubkeys:
613 public_key = ecdsa.VerifyingKey.from_string(pubkey[2:].decode('hex'), curve = SECP256k1)
617 public_key.verify_digest( s.decode('hex')[:-1], Hash( tx_for_sig.decode('hex') ), sigdecode = ecdsa.util.sigdecode_der)
619 except ecdsa.keys.BadSignatureError:
622 if pubkey in keypairs.keys():
624 sec = keypairs[pubkey]
625 compressed = is_compressed(sec)
626 pkey = regenerate_key(sec)
628 private_key = ecdsa.SigningKey.from_secret_exponent( secexp, curve = SECP256k1 )
629 public_key = private_key.get_verifying_key()
630 sig = private_key.sign_digest( Hash( tx_for_sig.decode('hex') ), sigencode = ecdsa.util.sigencode_der )
631 assert public_key.verify_digest( sig, Hash( tx_for_sig.decode('hex') ), sigdecode = ecdsa.util.sigdecode_der)
632 signatures.append( sig.encode('hex') )
638 raise BaseException("public key not found", keypairs.keys(), redeem_pubkeys)
640 # for p2sh, pubkeysig is a tuple (may be incomplete)
641 self.inputs[i]["signatures"] = signatures
642 self.is_complete = complete
645 sec = private_keys[txin['address']]
646 compressed = is_compressed(sec)
647 pkey = regenerate_key(sec)
650 private_key = ecdsa.SigningKey.from_secret_exponent( secexp, curve = SECP256k1 )
651 public_key = private_key.get_verifying_key()
652 pkey = EC_KEY(secexp)
653 pubkey = GetPubKey(pkey.pubkey, compressed)
654 sig = private_key.sign_digest( Hash( tx_for_sig.decode('hex') ), sigencode = ecdsa.util.sigencode_der )
655 assert public_key.verify_digest( sig, Hash( tx_for_sig.decode('hex') ), sigdecode = ecdsa.util.sigdecode_der)
657 self.inputs[i]["pubkeysig"] = [(pubkey, sig)]
658 self.is_complete = True
660 self.raw = self.serialize( self.inputs, self.outputs )
663 def deserialize(self):
665 vds = deserialize.BCDataStream()
666 vds.write(self.raw.decode('hex'))
667 self.d = deserialize.parse_Transaction(vds)
671 def has_address(self, addr):
673 for txin in self.inputs:
674 if addr == txin.get('address'):
677 for txout in self.outputs:
684 def get_value(self, addresses, prevout_values):
685 # return the balance for that tx
688 v_in = v_out = v_out_mine = 0
690 for item in self.inputs:
691 addr = item.get('address')
692 if addr in addresses:
694 key = item['prevout_hash'] + ':%d'%item['prevout_n']
695 value = prevout_values.get( key )
703 for item in self.outputs:
706 if addr in addresses:
710 # all inputs are mine:
712 v = v_out_mine - v_in
714 # some inputs are mine:
717 v = v_out_mine - v_out
722 return is_send, v, fee
727 seed = "ff000000000000000000000000000000".decode('hex')
728 master_secret, master_chain, master_public_key, master_public_key_compressed = bip32_init(seed)
730 print "secret key", master_secret.encode('hex')
731 print "chain code", master_chain.encode('hex')
733 key_id = hash_160(master_public_key_compressed)
734 print "keyid", key_id.encode('hex')
736 print "address", hash_160_to_bc_address(key_id)
737 print "secret key", SecretToASecret(master_secret, True)
740 k0, c0 = CKD(master_secret, master_chain, 0)
741 print "secret", k0.encode('hex')
742 print "chain", c0.encode('hex')
743 print "secret key", SecretToASecret(k0, True)
745 K0, K0_compressed, c0 = CKD_prime(master_public_key, master_chain, 0)
746 print "address", hash_160_to_bc_address(hash_160(K0_compressed))
749 K01, K01_compressed, c01 = CKD_prime(K0, c0, 1)
750 print "address", hash_160_to_bc_address(hash_160(K01_compressed))
752 print "-- m/0/1/3 --"
753 K013, K013_compressed, c013 = CKD_prime(K01, c01, 3)
754 print "address", hash_160_to_bc_address(hash_160(K013_compressed))
756 print "-- m/0/1/3/7 --"
757 K0137, K0137_compressed, c0137 = CKD_prime(K013, c013, 7)
758 print "address", hash_160_to_bc_address(hash_160(K0137_compressed))
762 if __name__ == '__main__':