1 from __future__ import division
7 from twisted.python import log
10 from p2pool import skiplists
11 from p2pool.bitcoin import data as bitcoin_data, script
12 from p2pool.util import memoize, expiring_dict, math, forest
15 share_data_type = bitcoin_data.ComposedType([
16 ('previous_share_hash', bitcoin_data.PossiblyNoneType(0, bitcoin_data.HashType())),
17 ('coinbase', bitcoin_data.VarStrType()),
18 ('nonce', bitcoin_data.VarStrType()),
19 ('new_script', bitcoin_data.VarStrType()),
20 ('subsidy', bitcoin_data.StructType('<Q')),
21 ('donation', bitcoin_data.StructType('<H')),
22 ('stale_frac', bitcoin_data.StructType('<B')),
25 share_info_type = bitcoin_data.ComposedType([
26 ('share_data', share_data_type),
27 ('bits', bitcoin_data.FloatingIntegerType()),
28 ('timestamp', bitcoin_data.StructType('<I')),
31 share1a_type = bitcoin_data.ComposedType([
32 ('header', bitcoin_data.block_header_type),
33 ('share_info', share_info_type),
34 ('merkle_branch', bitcoin_data.merkle_branch_type),
37 share1b_type = bitcoin_data.ComposedType([
38 ('header', bitcoin_data.block_header_type),
39 ('share_info', share_info_type),
40 ('other_txs', bitcoin_data.ListType(bitcoin_data.tx_type)),
47 share_type = bitcoin_data.ComposedType([
48 ('type', bitcoin_data.VarIntType()),
49 ('contents', bitcoin_data.VarStrType()),
53 __slots__ = 'header previous_block share_info merkle_branch other_txs timestamp share_data new_script subsidy previous_hash previous_share_hash target nonce pow_hash header_hash hash time_seen peer donation stale_frac net'.split(' ')
56 def from_share(cls, share, net):
57 if share['type'] == 0:
58 res = cls.from_share1a(share1a_type.unpack(share['contents']), net)
59 if not (res.pow_hash > res.header['bits'].target):
60 raise ValueError('invalid share type')
62 elif share['type'] == 1:
63 res = cls.from_share1b(share1b_type.unpack(share['contents']), net)
64 if not (res.pow_hash <= res.header['bits'].target):
65 raise ValueError('invalid share type')
68 raise ValueError('unknown share type: %r' % (share['type'],))
71 def from_share1a(cls, share1a, net):
72 return cls(net, **share1a)
75 def from_share1b(cls, share1b, net):
76 return cls(net, **share1b)
78 def __init__(self, net, header, share_info, merkle_branch=None, other_txs=None):
81 if merkle_branch is None and other_txs is None:
82 raise ValueError('need either merkle_branch or other_txs')
83 if other_txs is not None:
84 new_merkle_branch = bitcoin_data.calculate_merkle_branch([0] + map(bitcoin_data.tx_type.hash256, other_txs), 0)
85 if merkle_branch is not None:
86 if merke_branch != new_merkle_branch:
87 raise ValueError('invalid merkle_branch and other_txs')
88 merkle_branch = new_merkle_branch
90 if len(merkle_branch) > 16:
91 raise ValueError('merkle_branch too long!')
94 self.previous_block = header['previous_block']
95 self.share_info = share_info
96 self.merkle_branch = merkle_branch
98 self.share_data = self.share_info['share_data']
99 self.target = self.share_info['bits'].target
100 self.timestamp = self.share_info['timestamp']
102 self.new_script = self.share_data['new_script']
103 self.subsidy = self.share_data['subsidy']
104 self.donation = self.share_data['donation']
106 if len(self.new_script) > 100:
107 raise ValueError('new_script too long!')
109 self.previous_hash = self.previous_share_hash = self.share_data['previous_share_hash']
110 self.nonce = self.share_data['nonce']
112 if len(self.nonce) > 100:
113 raise ValueError('nonce too long!')
115 if len(self.share_data['coinbase']) > 100:
116 raise ValueError('''coinbase too large! %i bytes''' % (len(self.share_data['coinbase']),))
118 self.pow_hash = net.PARENT.POW_FUNC(header)
119 self.header_hash = bitcoin_data.block_header_type.hash256(header)
121 self.hash = share1a_type.hash256(self.as_share1a())
123 if self.pow_hash > self.target:
124 print 'hash %x' % self.pow_hash
125 print 'targ %x' % self.target
126 raise ValueError('not enough work!')
128 self.stale_frac = self.share_data['stale_frac']/254 if self.share_data['stale_frac'] != 255 else None
130 self.other_txs = other_txs if self.pow_hash <= self.header['bits'].target else None
133 self.time_seen = time.time()
137 return '<Share %s>' % (' '.join('%s=%r' % (k, getattr(self, k)) for k in self.__slots__),)
139 def check(self, tracker):
140 if script.get_sigop_count(self.new_script) > 1:
141 raise ValueError('too many sigops!')
143 share_info, gentx = generate_transaction(tracker, self.share_info['share_data'], self.header['bits'].target, self.share_info['timestamp'], self.net)
144 if share_info != self.share_info:
145 raise ValueError('share difficulty invalid')
147 if bitcoin_data.check_merkle_branch(bitcoin_data.tx_type.hash256(gentx), 0, self.merkle_branch) != self.header['merkle_root']:
148 raise ValueError('''gentx doesn't match header via merkle_branch''')
151 if self.pow_hash > self.header['bits'].target: # share1a
152 return dict(type=0, contents=share1a_type.pack(self.as_share1a()))
153 elif self.pow_hash <= self.header['bits'].target: # share1b
154 return dict(type=1, contents=share1b_type.pack(self.as_share1b()))
156 raise AssertionError()
158 def as_share1a(self):
159 return dict(header=self.header, share_info=self.share_info, merkle_branch=self.merkle_branch)
161 def as_share1b(self):
162 if self.other_txs is None:
163 raise ValueError('share does not contain all txs')
165 return dict(header=self.header, share_info=self.share_info, other_txs=self.other_txs)
167 def as_block(self, tracker):
168 if self.other_txs is None:
169 raise ValueError('share does not contain all txs')
171 share_info, gentx = generate_transaction(tracker, self.share_info['share_data'], self.header['bits'].target, self.share_info['timestamp'], self.net)
172 assert share_info == self.share_info
174 return dict(header=self.header, txs=[gentx] + self.other_txs)
176 def get_pool_attempts_per_second(tracker, previous_share_hash, dist):
177 near = tracker.shares[previous_share_hash]
178 far = tracker.shares[tracker.get_nth_parent_hash(previous_share_hash, dist - 1)]
179 attempts = tracker.get_work(near.hash) - tracker.get_work(far.hash)
180 time = near.timestamp - far.timestamp
183 return attempts//time
185 def generate_transaction(tracker, share_data, block_target, desired_timestamp, net):
186 previous_share_hash = share_data['previous_share_hash']
187 new_script = share_data['new_script']
188 subsidy = share_data['subsidy']
189 donation = share_data['donation']
190 assert 0 <= donation <= 65535
192 if len(share_data['coinbase']) > 100:
193 raise ValueError('coinbase too long!')
195 previous_share = tracker.shares[previous_share_hash] if previous_share_hash is not None else None
197 chain_length = getattr(net, 'REAL_CHAIN_LENGTH_FUNC', lambda _: net.REAL_CHAIN_LENGTH)(previous_share.timestamp if previous_share is not None else None)
199 height, last = tracker.get_height_and_last(previous_share_hash)
200 assert height >= chain_length or last is None
201 if height < net.TARGET_LOOKBEHIND:
202 bits = bitcoin_data.FloatingInteger.from_target_upper_bound(net.MAX_TARGET)
204 attempts_per_second = get_pool_attempts_per_second(tracker, previous_share_hash, net.TARGET_LOOKBEHIND)
205 pre_target = 2**256//(net.SHARE_PERIOD*attempts_per_second) - 1
206 pre_target2 = math.clip(pre_target, (previous_share.target*9//10, previous_share.target*11//10))
207 pre_target3 = math.clip(pre_target2, (0, net.MAX_TARGET))
208 bits = bitcoin_data.FloatingInteger.from_target_upper_bound(pre_target3)
210 attempts_to_block = bitcoin_data.target_to_average_attempts(block_target)
211 max_att = net.SPREAD * attempts_to_block
213 this_att = min(bitcoin_data.target_to_average_attempts(bits.target), max_att)
214 other_weights, other_total_weight, other_donation_weight = tracker.get_cumulative_weights(previous_share_hash, min(height, chain_length), 65535*max(0, max_att - this_att))
215 assert other_total_weight == sum(other_weights.itervalues()) + other_donation_weight, (other_total_weight, sum(other_weights.itervalues()) + other_donation_weight)
216 weights, total_weight, donation_weight = math.add_dicts({new_script: this_att*(65535-donation)}, other_weights), this_att*65535 + other_total_weight, this_att*donation + other_donation_weight
217 assert total_weight == sum(weights.itervalues()) + donation_weight, (total_weight, sum(weights.itervalues()) + donation_weight)
219 SCRIPT = '4104ffd03de44a6e11b9917f3a29f9443283d9871c9d743ef30d5eddcd37094b64d1b3d8090496b53256786bf5c82932ec23c3b74d9f05a6f95a8b5529352656664bac'.decode('hex')
221 # 1 satoshi is always donated so that a list of p2pool generated blocks can be easily found by looking at the donation address
222 amounts = dict((script, (subsidy-1)*(199*weight)//(200*total_weight)) for (script, weight) in weights.iteritems())
223 amounts[new_script] = amounts.get(new_script, 0) + (subsidy-1)//200
224 amounts[SCRIPT] = amounts.get(SCRIPT, 0) + (subsidy-1)*(199*donation_weight)//(200*total_weight)
225 amounts[SCRIPT] = amounts.get(SCRIPT, 0) + subsidy - sum(amounts.itervalues()) # collect any extra satoshis :P
227 if sum(amounts.itervalues()) != subsidy:
229 if any(x < 0 for x in amounts.itervalues()):
232 dests = sorted(amounts.iterkeys(), key=lambda script: (amounts[script], script))
233 dests = dests[-4000:] # block length limit, unlikely to ever be hit
236 share_data=share_data,
238 timestamp=math.clip(desired_timestamp, (previous_share.timestamp - 60, previous_share.timestamp + 60)) if previous_share is not None else desired_timestamp,
241 return share_info, dict(
244 previous_output=None,
246 script=share_data['coinbase'].ljust(2, '\x00'),
248 tx_outs=[dict(value=0, script='\x20' + bitcoin_data.HashType().pack(share_info_type.hash256(share_info)))] + [dict(value=amounts[script], script=script) for script in dests if amounts[script]],
253 class OkayTracker(forest.Tracker):
254 def __init__(self, net):
255 forest.Tracker.__init__(self)
257 self.verified = forest.Tracker()
258 self.verified.get_nth_parent_hash = self.get_nth_parent_hash # self is a superset of self.verified
260 self.get_cumulative_weights = skiplists.WeightsSkipList(self)
262 def attempt_verify(self, share, now):
263 if share.hash in self.verified.shares:
265 height, last = self.get_height_and_last(share.hash)
266 if height < self.net.CHAIN_LENGTH + 1 and last is not None:
267 raise AssertionError()
271 log.err(None, 'Share check failed:')
274 self.verified.add(share)
277 def think(self, ht, previous_block, now):
281 # make 'unverified heads' set?
282 # for each overall head, attempt verification
283 # if it fails, attempt on parent, and repeat
284 # if no successful verification because of lack of parents, request parent
286 for head in set(self.heads) - set(self.verified.heads):
287 head_height, last = self.get_height_and_last(head)
289 for share in self.get_chain(head, head_height if last is None else min(5, max(0, head_height - self.net.CHAIN_LENGTH))):
290 if self.attempt_verify(share, now):
292 if share.hash in self.heads:
296 desired.add((self.shares[random.choice(list(self.reverse_shares[last]))].peer, last))
298 assert bad not in self.verified.shares
299 assert bad in self.heads
304 # try to get at least CHAIN_LENGTH height for each verified head, requesting parents if needed
305 for head in list(self.verified.heads):
306 head_height, last_hash = self.verified.get_height_and_last(head)
307 last_height, last_last_hash = self.get_height_and_last(last_hash)
308 # XXX review boundary conditions
309 want = max(self.net.CHAIN_LENGTH - head_height, 0)
310 can = max(last_height - 1 - self.net.CHAIN_LENGTH, 0) if last_last_hash is not None else last_height
312 #print 'Z', head_height, last_hash is None, last_height, last_last_hash is None, want, can, get
313 for share in self.get_chain(last_hash, get):
314 if not self.attempt_verify(share, now):
316 if head_height < self.net.CHAIN_LENGTH and last_last_hash is not None:
317 desired.add((self.verified.shares[random.choice(list(self.verified.reverse_shares[last_hash]))].peer, last_last_hash))
319 print len(self.verified.tails), "tails:"
320 for x in self.verified.tails:
321 print format_hash(x), self.score(max(self.verified.tails[x], key=self.verified.get_height), ht)
324 best_tail = max(self.verified.tails, key=lambda h: self.score(max(self.verified.tails[h], key=self.verified.get_height), ht)) if self.verified.tails else None
325 # decide best verified head
326 scores = sorted(self.verified.tails.get(best_tail, []), key=lambda h: (
327 self.verified.get_work(self.verified.get_nth_parent_hash(h, min(5, self.verified.get_height(h)))),
328 #self.verified.shares[h].peer is None,
329 ht.get_height_rel_highest(self.verified.shares[h].previous_block),
330 -self.verified.shares[h].time_seen
335 print len(self.verified.tails), "chain tails and", len(self.verified.tails.get(best_tail, [])), 'chain heads. Top 10 heads:'
338 for h in scores[-10:]:
339 print ' ', format_hash(h), format_hash(self.verified.shares[h].previous_hash), (
340 self.verified.get_work(self.verified.get_nth_parent_hash(h, min(5, self.verified.get_height(h)))),
341 self.verified.shares[h].peer is None,
342 ht.get_height_rel_highest(self.verified.shares[h].previous_block),
343 -self.verified.shares[h].time_seen
348 for i in xrange(1000):
350 for share_hash, tail in self.heads.iteritems():
351 if share_hash in scores[-5:]:
354 if self.shares[share_hash].time_seen > time.time() - 300:
357 if share_hash not in self.verified.shares and max(self.shares[after_tail_hash].time_seen for after_tail_hash in self.reverse_shares.get(tail)) > time.time() - 120: # XXX stupid
360 to_remove.add(share_hash)
363 for share_hash in to_remove:
364 self.remove(share_hash)
365 if share_hash in self.verified.shares:
366 self.verified.remove(share_hash)
367 #print "_________", to_remove
370 for i in xrange(1000):
372 for tail, heads in self.tails.iteritems():
373 if min(self.get_height(head) for head in heads) < 2*self.net.CHAIN_LENGTH + 10:
375 for aftertail in self.reverse_shares.get(tail, set()):
376 if len(self.reverse_shares[self.shares[aftertail].previous_hash]) > 1: # XXX
379 to_remove.add(aftertail)
382 # if removed from this, it must be removed from verified
384 for aftertail in to_remove:
385 if self.shares[aftertail].previous_hash not in self.tails:
386 print "erk", aftertail, self.shares[aftertail].previous_hash
388 self.remove(aftertail)
389 if aftertail in self.verified.shares:
390 self.verified.remove(aftertail)
392 #print "removed! %i %f" % (len(to_remove), (end - start)/len(to_remove))
394 best = scores[-1] if scores else None
397 best_share = self.verified.shares[best]
398 if ht.get_height_rel_highest(best_share.header['previous_block']) < ht.get_height_rel_highest(previous_block) and best_share.header_hash != previous_block and best_share.peer is not None:
400 print 'Stale detected! %x < %x' % (best_share.header['previous_block'], previous_block)
401 best = best_share.previous_hash
405 @memoize.memoize_with_backing(expiring_dict.ExpiringDict(5, get_touches=False))
406 def score(self, share_hash, ht):
407 head_height, last = self.verified.get_height_and_last(share_hash)
409 block_height = -1000000
410 max_height = min(self.net.CHAIN_LENGTH, head_height)
411 for share in math.reversed(self.verified.get_chain(self.verified.get_nth_parent_hash(share_hash, max_height//2), max_height//2)):
412 block_height = max(block_height, ht.get_height_rel_highest(share.header['previous_block']))
413 this_score = (self.verified.get_work(share_hash) - self.verified.get_work(share.hash))//(0 - block_height + 1)
414 if this_score > score2:
416 return min(head_height, self.net.CHAIN_LENGTH), score2
421 return '%08x' % (x % 2**32)
423 class ShareStore(object):
424 def __init__(self, prefix, net):
425 self.filename = prefix
426 self.dirname = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(prefix))
427 self.filename = os.path.basename(os.path.abspath(prefix))
429 self.known = None # will be filename -> set of share hashes, set of verified hashes
430 self.known_desired = None
432 def get_shares(self):
433 if self.known is not None:
434 raise AssertionError()
436 filenames, next = self.get_filenames_and_next()
437 for filename in filenames:
438 share_hashes, verified_hashes = known.setdefault(filename, (set(), set()))
439 with open(filename, 'rb') as f:
442 type_id_str, data_hex = line.strip().split(' ')
443 type_id = int(type_id_str)
449 verified_hash = int(data_hex, 16)
450 yield 'verified_hash', verified_hash
451 verified_hashes.add(verified_hash)
453 share = Share.from_share(share_type.unpack(data_hex.decode('hex')), self.net)
455 share_hashes.add(share.hash)
457 raise NotImplementedError("share type %i" % (type_id,))
459 log.err(None, "Error while reading saved shares, continuing where left off:")
461 self.known_desired = dict((k, (set(a), set(b))) for k, (a, b) in known.iteritems())
463 def _add_line(self, line):
464 filenames, next = self.get_filenames_and_next()
465 if filenames and os.path.getsize(filenames[-1]) < 10e6:
466 filename = filenames[-1]
470 with open(filename, 'ab') as f:
475 def add_share(self, share):
476 for filename, (share_hashes, verified_hashes) in self.known.iteritems():
477 if share.hash in share_hashes:
480 filename = self._add_line("%i %s" % (5, share_type.pack(share.as_share()).encode('hex')))
481 share_hashes, verified_hashes = self.known.setdefault(filename, (set(), set()))
482 share_hashes.add(share.hash)
483 share_hashes, verified_hashes = self.known_desired.setdefault(filename, (set(), set()))
484 share_hashes.add(share.hash)
486 def add_verified_hash(self, share_hash):
487 for filename, (share_hashes, verified_hashes) in self.known.iteritems():
488 if share_hash in verified_hashes:
491 filename = self._add_line("%i %x" % (2, share_hash))
492 share_hashes, verified_hashes = self.known.setdefault(filename, (set(), set()))
493 verified_hashes.add(share_hash)
494 share_hashes, verified_hashes = self.known_desired.setdefault(filename, (set(), set()))
495 verified_hashes.add(share_hash)
497 def get_filenames_and_next(self):
498 suffixes = sorted(int(x[len(self.filename):]) for x in os.listdir(self.dirname) if x.startswith(self.filename) and x[len(self.filename):].isdigit())
499 return [os.path.join(self.dirname, self.filename + str(suffix)) for suffix in suffixes], os.path.join(self.dirname, self.filename + (str(suffixes[-1] + 1) if suffixes else str(0)))
501 def forget_share(self, share_hash):
502 for filename, (share_hashes, verified_hashes) in self.known_desired.iteritems():
503 if share_hash in share_hashes:
504 share_hashes.remove(share_hash)
507 def forget_verified_share(self, share_hash):
508 for filename, (share_hashes, verified_hashes) in self.known_desired.iteritems():
509 if share_hash in verified_hashes:
510 verified_hashes.remove(share_hash)
513 def check_remove(self):
515 for filename, (share_hashes, verified_hashes) in self.known_desired.iteritems():
516 #print filename, len(share_hashes) + len(verified_hashes)
517 if not share_hashes and not verified_hashes:
518 to_remove.add(filename)
519 for filename in to_remove:
520 self.known.pop(filename)
521 self.known_desired.pop(filename)
523 print "REMOVED", filename