src/kernel.cpp

   1 // Copyright (c) 2012-2013 The PPCoin developers
   2 // Copyright (c) 2013-2015 The Novacoin developers
   3 // Distributed under the MIT/X11 software license, see the accompanying
   4 // file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
   5 // Distributed under the MIT/X11 software license, see the accompanying
   6 // file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
   7
   8 #include <boost/assign/list_of.hpp>
   9
  10 #include "kernel.h"
  11 #include "txdb.h"
  12
  13 extern unsigned int nStakeMaxAge;
  14 extern unsigned int nStakeTargetSpacing;
  15
  16 using namespace std;
  17
  18
  19 // Protocol switch time for fixed kernel modifier interval
  20 unsigned int nModifierSwitchTime  = 1413763200;    // Mon, 20 Oct 2014 00:00:00 GMT
  21 unsigned int nModifierTestSwitchTime = 1397520000; // Tue, 15 Apr 2014 00:00:00 GMT
  22
  23 // Note: user must upgrade before the protocol switch deadline, otherwise it's required to
  24 //   re-download the blockchain. The timestamp of upgrade is recorded in the blockchain
  25 //   database.
  26 unsigned int nModifierUpgradeTime = 0;
  27
  28 typedef std::map<int, unsigned int> MapModifierCheckpoints;
  29
  30 // Hard checkpoints of stake modifiers to ensure they are deterministic
  31 static std::map<int, unsigned int> mapStakeModifierCheckpoints =
  32     boost::assign::map_list_of
  33         ( 0, 0x0e00670bu )
  34         ( 12661, 0x5d84115du )
  35         (143990, 0x9c592c78u )
  36         (149000, 0x48f2bdc4u )
  37         (160000, 0x789df0f0u )
  38         (200000, 0x01ec1503u )
  39     ;
  40
  41 // Hard checkpoints of stake modifiers to ensure they are deterministic (testNet)
  42 static std::map<int, unsigned int> mapStakeModifierCheckpointsTestNet =
  43     boost::assign::map_list_of
  44         ( 0, 0x0e00670bu )
  45     ;
  46
  47 // Pregenerated entropy bits table (from genesis to #9689)
  48 //
  49 // Bits are packed into array of 256 bit integers:
  50 //
  51 // * array index calculated as nHeight / 256
  52 // * position of bit is calculated as nHeight & 0xFF.
  53 //
  54 const uint256 entropyStore[] = {
  55     uint256("0x4555b4dcc1d690ddd9b810c90c66e82b18bf4f43cc887246c418383ec120a5ab"),
  56     uint256("0xaa6d1198412fa77608addf6549c9198a22155e8afd7a9ded6179f6b7cfc66b0c"),
  57     uint256("0x9442fabfa4116fb14a9769c2eea003845a1f5c3a0260f36b497d68f3a3cd4078"),
  58     uint256("0x0e769042a9a98e42388195d699574b822d06515f7053ad884c53d7ee059f05b1"),
  59     uint256("0x7005aac20baf70251aebfe3f1b95987d83ef1e3e6963de8fed601d4dd07bf7cf"),
  60     uint256("0x58952c5c3de188f2e33c38d3f53d7bf44f9bc545a4289d266696273fa821be66"),
  61     uint256("0x50b6c2ed780c08aaec3f7665b1b6004206243e3866456fc910b83b52d07eeb63"),
  62     uint256("0x563841eefca85ba3384986c58100408ae3f1ba2ac727e1ac910ce154a06c702f"),
  63     uint256("0x79275b03938b3e27a9b01a7f7953c6c487c58355f5d4169accfbb800213ffd13"),
  64     uint256("0xd783f2538b3ed18f135af90adc687c5646d93aeaeaabc6667be94f7aa0a2d366"),
  65     uint256("0xb441d0c175c40c8e88b09d88ea008af79cbed2d28219427d2e72fda682974db8"),
  66     uint256("0x3204c43bd41f2e19628af3b0c9aca3db15bca4c8705d51056e7b17a319c04715"),
  67     uint256("0x7e80e6ab7857d8f2f261a0a49c783bd800b365b8c9b85cc0e13f73904b0dcaa9"),
  68     uint256("0xefaaee60ed82d2ad145c0e347941fdb131eb8fd289a45eef07121a93f283c5f1"),
  69     uint256("0x3efc86e4334da332c1fd4c12513c40cff689f3efdc7f9913230822adacdda4f9"),
  70     uint256("0xf0d6b8f38599a017fa35d1fbbf9ef51eca5ebc5b286aadba40c4c3e1d9bace0c"),
  71     uint256("0x286a67f27323486036a0a92d35382fc8963c0c00bad331723318b4b9fdb2b56e"),
  72     uint256("0xecbfaaa6567c54f08c4d5bd0118a2d7b58740f42cbfc73aa1536c1f5f76de87c"),
  73     uint256("0xf9a4de1c5c46520de5aaf10d3796cf0e27ddce98b3398357f5726a949664e308"),
  74     uint256("0xd75e6c4dc4be08401e3478d2467d9ab96a62af4f255c04a82c41af0de0a487bb"),
  75     uint256("0x1a82c3bc6ad6047294c16571b5e2b7316c97bf8813e7da15798b9820d67e39f2"),
  76     uint256("0xb49be0080de564e01829ded7e7971979565a741c5975dc9978dcc020192d396c"),
  77     uint256("0x0d8eed113be67663b5a15a0625a9b49792b5ea59c005c4f405914877acab7000"),
  78     uint256("0x8f9d46e2bc05a218ffa942965b747056197d393b097085523640cd59e07fe7c7"),
  79     uint256("0x7a63ab40bc7f40ac2ebe9ede438d97b45fa6ed6f8419016da8d5f7a670111dda"),
  80     uint256("0x63fbcc080448c43d6cf915c958314feff7a95a52ba43a68c05fc281d3a522d25"),
  81     uint256("0xf834cf824c326d3ea861ea1e85dc3289265e37045981e28208e7344a7f8081d7"),
  82     uint256("0xb4edc22ec98cc49b2f5af5bae3f52f5e6058280f74f2c432c2dd89ae49acceb8"),
  83     uint256("0x0fe596037dcf81bf5c64f39755261c404ed088af5c8c31dd7549b6657ee92365"),
  84     uint256("0xbbad51a0aeba254b01d18c328de9e932b9b859b61e622c325d64e2211b5e413d"),
  85     uint256("0xabf0194cc787be938bc51c7fdf1cae4ec79e65ebab8fa8b8f40541c44ef384b0"),
  86     uint256("0x83bc12d6fdbd3e854cb91c4ca7dfba3c38e8714121af88c8a8abdb33e5002438"),
  87     uint256("0x71a2513026cabaedcbe55aeb6dc8049e5b763a3f54f10c33dd333624f764b38c"),
  88     uint256("0xee6725632ff5c025dff6a18cd059875dcae20f399b03bccba13d9d5fcf6d9d9a"),
  89     uint256("0xa168a2741d1e7e50cc74b79f695c25ffd3576e6bd61353c2a20e569fd63b2dac"),
  90     uint256("0x6e462d2a87bfde9398b6747f94a8ed6a01e4d96c5b4372df5c910c106c48bd13"),
  91     uint256("0x8eeb696181957c4b22434028990f49cb30006827c73860e77e2eecf5c38be99d"),
  92     uint256("0x3188aaa65877b166f05cdc48f55b1f77a7d6fb221c395596d990ae5647e9ba96")
  93 };
  94
  95 // Whether the given block is subject to new modifier protocol
  96 bool IsFixedModifierInterval(unsigned int nTimeBlock)
  97 {
  98     return (nTimeBlock >= (fTestNet? nModifierTestSwitchTime : nModifierSwitchTime));
  99 }
 100
 101 // Get the last stake modifier and its generation time from a given block
 102 static bool GetLastStakeModifier(const CBlockIndex* pindex, uint64_t& nStakeModifier, int64_t& nModifierTime)
 103 {
 104     if (!pindex)
 105         return error("GetLastStakeModifier: null pindex");
 106     while (pindex && pindex->pprev && !pindex->GeneratedStakeModifier())
 107         pindex = pindex->pprev;
 108     if (!pindex->GeneratedStakeModifier())
 109         return error("GetLastStakeModifier: no generation at genesis block");
 110     nStakeModifier = pindex->nStakeModifier;
 111     nModifierTime = pindex->GetBlockTime();
 112     return true;
 113 }
 114
 115 // Get selection interval section (in seconds)
 116 static int64_t GetStakeModifierSelectionIntervalSection(int nSection)
 117 {
 118     assert (nSection >= 0 && nSection < 64);
 119     return (nModifierInterval * 63 / (63 + ((63 - nSection) * (MODIFIER_INTERVAL_RATIO - 1))));
 120 }
 121
 122 // Get stake modifier selection interval (in seconds)
 123 static int64_t GetStakeModifierSelectionInterval()
 124 {
 125     int64_t nSelectionInterval = 0;
 126     for (int nSection=0; nSection<64; nSection++)
 127         nSelectionInterval += GetStakeModifierSelectionIntervalSection(nSection);
 128     return nSelectionInterval;
 129 }
 130
 131 // select a block from the candidate blocks in vSortedByTimestamp, excluding
 132 // already selected blocks in vSelectedBlocks, and with timestamp up to
 133 // nSelectionIntervalStop.
 134 static bool SelectBlockFromCandidates(vector<pair<int64_t, uint256> >& vSortedByTimestamp, map<uint256, const CBlockIndex*>& mapSelectedBlocks,
 135     int64_t nSelectionIntervalStop, uint64_t nStakeModifierPrev, const CBlockIndex** pindexSelected)
 136 {
 137     bool fSelected = false;
 138     uint256 hashBest = 0;
 139     *pindexSelected = (const CBlockIndex*) 0;
 140     BOOST_FOREACH(const PAIRTYPE(int64_t, uint256)& item, vSortedByTimestamp)
 141     {
 142         if (!mapBlockIndex.count(item.second))
 143             return error("SelectBlockFromCandidates: failed to find block index for candidate block %s", item.second.ToString().c_str());
 144         const CBlockIndex* pindex = mapBlockIndex[item.second];
 145         if (fSelected && pindex->GetBlockTime() > nSelectionIntervalStop)
 146             break;
 147         if (mapSelectedBlocks.count(pindex->GetBlockHash()) > 0)
 148             continue;
 149         // compute the selection hash by hashing its proof-hash and the
 150         // previous proof-of-stake modifier
 151         uint256 hashProof = pindex->IsProofOfStake()? pindex->hashProofOfStake : pindex->GetBlockHash();
 152         CDataStream ss(SER_GETHASH, 0);
 153         ss << hashProof << nStakeModifierPrev;
 154         uint256 hashSelection = Hash(ss.begin(), ss.end());
 155         // the selection hash is divided by 2**32 so that proof-of-stake block
 156         // is always favored over proof-of-work block. this is to preserve
 157         // the energy efficiency property
 158         if (pindex->IsProofOfStake())
 159             hashSelection >>= 32;
 160         if (fSelected && hashSelection < hashBest)
 161         {
 162             hashBest = hashSelection;
 163             *pindexSelected = (const CBlockIndex*) pindex;
 164         }
 165         else if (!fSelected)
 166         {
 167             fSelected = true;
 168             hashBest = hashSelection;
 169             *pindexSelected = (const CBlockIndex*) pindex;
 170         }
 171     }
 172     if (fDebug && GetBoolArg("-printstakemodifier"))
 173         printf("SelectBlockFromCandidates: selection hash=%s\n", hashBest.ToString().c_str());
 174     return fSelected;
 175 }
 176
 177 // Stake Modifier (hash modifier of proof-of-stake):
 178 // The purpose of stake modifier is to prevent a txout (coin) owner from
 179 // computing future proof-of-stake generated by this txout at the time
 180 // of transaction confirmation. To meet kernel protocol, the txout
 181 // must hash with a future stake modifier to generate the proof.
 182 // Stake modifier consists of bits each of which is contributed from a
 183 // selected block of a given block group in the past.
 184 // The selection of a block is based on a hash of the block's proof-hash and
 185 // the previous stake modifier.
 186 // Stake modifier is recomputed at a fixed time interval instead of every
 187 // block. This is to make it difficult for an attacker to gain control of
 188 // additional bits in the stake modifier, even after generating a chain of
 189 // blocks.
 190 bool ComputeNextStakeModifier(const CBlockIndex* pindexCurrent, uint64_t& nStakeModifier, bool& fGeneratedStakeModifier)
 191 {
 192     nStakeModifier = 0;
 193     fGeneratedStakeModifier = false;
 194     const CBlockIndex* pindexPrev = pindexCurrent->pprev;
 195     if (!pindexPrev)
 196     {
 197         fGeneratedStakeModifier = true;
 198         return true;  // genesis block's modifier is 0
 199     }
 200
 201     // First find current stake modifier and its generation block time
 202     // if it's not old enough, return the same stake modifier
 203     int64_t nModifierTime = 0;
 204     if (!GetLastStakeModifier(pindexPrev, nStakeModifier, nModifierTime))
 205         return error("ComputeNextStakeModifier: unable to get last modifier");
 206     if (fDebug)
 207     {
 208         printf("ComputeNextStakeModifier: prev modifier=0x%016" PRIx64 " time=%s epoch=%u\n", nStakeModifier, DateTimeStrFormat(nModifierTime).c_str(), (unsigned int)nModifierTime);
 209     }
 210     if (nModifierTime / nModifierInterval >= pindexPrev->GetBlockTime() / nModifierInterval)
 211     {
 212         if (fDebug)
 213         {
 214             printf("ComputeNextStakeModifier: no new interval keep current modifier: pindexPrev nHeight=%d nTime=%u\n", pindexPrev->nHeight, (unsigned int)pindexPrev->GetBlockTime());
 215         }
 216         return true;
 217     }
 218     if (nModifierTime / nModifierInterval >= pindexCurrent->GetBlockTime() / nModifierInterval)
 219     {
 220         // fixed interval protocol requires current block timestamp also be in a different modifier interval
 221         if (IsFixedModifierInterval(pindexCurrent->nTime))
 222         {
 223             if (fDebug)
 224             {
 225                 printf("ComputeNextStakeModifier: no new interval keep current modifier: pindexCurrent nHeight=%d nTime=%u\n", pindexCurrent->nHeight, (unsigned int)pindexCurrent->GetBlockTime());
 226             }
 227             return true;
 228         }
 229         else
 230         {
 231             if (fDebug)
 232             {
 233                 printf("ComputeNextStakeModifier: old modifier at block %s not meeting fixed modifier interval: pindexCurrent nHeight=%d nTime=%u\n", pindexCurrent->GetBlockHash().ToString().c_str(), pindexCurrent->nHeight, (unsigned int)pindexCurrent->GetBlockTime());
 234             }
 235         }
 236     }
 237
 238     // Sort candidate blocks by timestamp
 239     vector<pair<int64_t, uint256> > vSortedByTimestamp;
 240     vSortedByTimestamp.reserve(64 * nModifierInterval / nStakeTargetSpacing);
 241     int64_t nSelectionInterval = GetStakeModifierSelectionInterval();
 242     int64_t nSelectionIntervalStart = (pindexPrev->GetBlockTime() / nModifierInterval) * nModifierInterval - nSelectionInterval;
 243     const CBlockIndex* pindex = pindexPrev;
 244     while (pindex && pindex->GetBlockTime() >= nSelectionIntervalStart)
 245     {
 246         vSortedByTimestamp.push_back(make_pair(pindex->GetBlockTime(), pindex->GetBlockHash()));
 247         pindex = pindex->pprev;
 248     }
 249     int nHeightFirstCandidate = pindex ? (pindex->nHeight + 1) : 0;
 250     reverse(vSortedByTimestamp.begin(), vSortedByTimestamp.end());
 251     sort(vSortedByTimestamp.begin(), vSortedByTimestamp.end());
 252
 253     // Select 64 blocks from candidate blocks to generate stake modifier
 254     uint64_t nStakeModifierNew = 0;
 255     int64_t nSelectionIntervalStop = nSelectionIntervalStart;
 256     map<uint256, const CBlockIndex*> mapSelectedBlocks;
 257     for (int nRound=0; nRound<min(64, (int)vSortedByTimestamp.size()); nRound++)
 258     {
 259         // add an interval section to the current selection round
 260         nSelectionIntervalStop += GetStakeModifierSelectionIntervalSection(nRound);
 261         // select a block from the candidates of current round
 262         if (!SelectBlockFromCandidates(vSortedByTimestamp, mapSelectedBlocks, nSelectionIntervalStop, nStakeModifier, &pindex))
 263             return error("ComputeNextStakeModifier: unable to select block at round %d", nRound);
 264         // write the entropy bit of the selected block
 265         nStakeModifierNew |= (((uint64_t)pindex->GetStakeEntropyBit()) << nRound);
 266         // add the selected block from candidates to selected list
 267         mapSelectedBlocks.insert(make_pair(pindex->GetBlockHash(), pindex));
 268         if (fDebug && GetBoolArg("-printstakemodifier"))
 269             printf("ComputeNextStakeModifier: selected round %d stop=%s height=%d bit=%d\n", nRound, DateTimeStrFormat(nSelectionIntervalStop).c_str(), pindex->nHeight, pindex->GetStakeEntropyBit());
 270     }
 271
 272     // Print selection map for visualization of the selected blocks
 273     if (fDebug && GetBoolArg("-printstakemodifier"))
 274     {
 275         string strSelectionMap = "";
 276         // '-' indicates proof-of-work blocks not selected
 277         strSelectionMap.insert(0, pindexPrev->nHeight - nHeightFirstCandidate + 1, '-');
 278         pindex = pindexPrev;
 279         while (pindex && pindex->nHeight >= nHeightFirstCandidate)
 280         {
 281             // '=' indicates proof-of-stake blocks not selected
 282             if (pindex->IsProofOfStake())
 283                 strSelectionMap.replace(pindex->nHeight - nHeightFirstCandidate, 1, "=");
 284             pindex = pindex->pprev;
 285         }
 286         BOOST_FOREACH(const PAIRTYPE(uint256, const CBlockIndex*)& item, mapSelectedBlocks)
 287         {
 288             // 'S' indicates selected proof-of-stake blocks
 289             // 'W' indicates selected proof-of-work blocks
 290             strSelectionMap.replace(item.second->nHeight - nHeightFirstCandidate, 1, item.second->IsProofOfStake()? "S" : "W");
 291         }
 292         printf("ComputeNextStakeModifier: selection height [%d, %d] map %s\n", nHeightFirstCandidate, pindexPrev->nHeight, strSelectionMap.c_str());
 293     }
 294     if (fDebug)
 295     {
 296         printf("ComputeNextStakeModifier: new modifier=0x%016" PRIx64 " time=%s\n", nStakeModifierNew, DateTimeStrFormat(pindexPrev->GetBlockTime()).c_str());
 297     }
 298
 299     nStakeModifier = nStakeModifierNew;
 300     fGeneratedStakeModifier = true;
 301     return true;
 302 }
 303
 304 // The stake modifier used to hash for a stake kernel is chosen as the stake
 305 // modifier about a selection interval later than the coin generating the kernel
 306 static bool GetKernelStakeModifier(uint256 hashBlockFrom, uint64_t& nStakeModifier, int& nStakeModifierHeight, int64_t& nStakeModifierTime, bool fPrintProofOfStake)
 307 {
 308     nStakeModifier = 0;
 309     if (!mapBlockIndex.count(hashBlockFrom))
 310         return error("GetKernelStakeModifier() : block not indexed");
 311     const CBlockIndex* pindexFrom = mapBlockIndex[hashBlockFrom];
 312     nStakeModifierHeight = pindexFrom->nHeight;
 313     nStakeModifierTime = pindexFrom->GetBlockTime();
 314     int64_t nStakeModifierSelectionInterval = GetStakeModifierSelectionInterval();
 315     const CBlockIndex* pindex = pindexFrom;
 316     // loop to find the stake modifier later by a selection interval
 317     while (nStakeModifierTime < pindexFrom->GetBlockTime() + nStakeModifierSelectionInterval)
 318     {
 319         if (!pindex->pnext)
 320         {   // reached best block; may happen if node is behind on block chain
 321             if (fPrintProofOfStake || (pindex->GetBlockTime() + nStakeMinAge - nStakeModifierSelectionInterval > GetAdjustedTime()))
 322                 return error("GetKernelStakeModifier() : reached best block %s at height %d from block %s",
 323                     pindex->GetBlockHash().ToString().c_str(), pindex->nHeight, hashBlockFrom.ToString().c_str());
 324             else
 325                 return false;
 326         }
 327         pindex = pindex->pnext;
 328         if (pindex->GeneratedStakeModifier())
 329         {
 330             nStakeModifierHeight = pindex->nHeight;
 331             nStakeModifierTime = pindex->GetBlockTime();
 332         }
 333     }
 334     nStakeModifier = pindex->nStakeModifier;
 335     return true;
 336 }
 337
 338 bool GetKernelStakeModifier(uint256 hashBlockFrom, uint64_t& nStakeModifier)
 339 {
 340     int nStakeModifierHeight;
 341     int64_t nStakeModifierTime;
 342
 343     return GetKernelStakeModifier(hashBlockFrom, nStakeModifier, nStakeModifierHeight, nStakeModifierTime, false);
 344 }
 345
 346
 347 // ppcoin kernel protocol
 348 // coinstake must meet hash target according to the protocol:
 349 // kernel (input 0) must meet the formula
 350 //     hash(nStakeModifier + txPrev.block.nTime + txPrev.offset + txPrev.nTime + txPrev.vout.n + nTime) < bnTarget * nCoinDayWeight
 351 // this ensures that the chance of getting a coinstake is proportional to the
 352 // amount of coin age one owns.
 353 // The reason this hash is chosen is the following:
 354 //   nStakeModifier: scrambles computation to make it very difficult to precompute
 355 //                  future proof-of-stake at the time of the coin's confirmation
 356 //   txPrev.block.nTime: prevent nodes from guessing a good timestamp to
 357 //                       generate transaction for future advantage
 358 //   txPrev.offset: offset of txPrev inside block, to reduce the chance of
 359 //                  nodes generating coinstake at the same time
 360 //   txPrev.nTime: reduce the chance of nodes generating coinstake at the same
 361 //                 time
 362 //   txPrev.vout.n: output number of txPrev, to reduce the chance of nodes
 363 //                  generating coinstake at the same time
 364 //   block/tx hash should not be used here as they can be generated in vast
 365 //   quantities so as to generate blocks faster, degrading the system back into
 366 //   a proof-of-work situation.
 367 //
 368 bool CheckStakeKernelHash(uint32_t nBits, const CBlock& blockFrom, uint32_t nTxPrevOffset, const CTransaction& txPrev, const COutPoint& prevout, uint32_t nTimeTx, uint256& hashProofOfStake, uint256& targetProofOfStake, bool fPrintProofOfStake)
 369 {
 370     if (nTimeTx < txPrev.nTime)  // Transaction timestamp violation
 371         return error("CheckStakeKernelHash() : nTime violation");
 372
 373     uint32_t nTimeBlockFrom = blockFrom.GetBlockTime();
 374     if (nTimeBlockFrom + nStakeMinAge > nTimeTx) // Min age requirement
 375         return error("CheckStakeKernelHash() : min age violation");
 376
 377     CBigNum bnTargetPerCoinDay;
 378     bnTargetPerCoinDay.SetCompact(nBits);
 379     int64_t nValueIn = txPrev.vout[prevout.n].nValue;
 380
 381     uint256 hashBlockFrom = blockFrom.GetHash();
 382
 383     CBigNum bnCoinDayWeight = CBigNum(nValueIn) * GetWeight((int64_t)txPrev.nTime, (int64_t)nTimeTx) / COIN / nOneDay;
 384     targetProofOfStake = (bnCoinDayWeight * bnTargetPerCoinDay).getuint256();
 385
 386     // Calculate hash
 387     CDataStream ss(SER_GETHASH, 0);
 388     uint64_t nStakeModifier = 0;
 389     int nStakeModifierHeight = 0;
 390     int64_t nStakeModifierTime = 0;
 391
 392     if (!GetKernelStakeModifier(hashBlockFrom, nStakeModifier, nStakeModifierHeight, nStakeModifierTime, fPrintProofOfStake))
 393         return false;
 394     ss << nStakeModifier;
 395
 396     ss << nTimeBlockFrom << nTxPrevOffset << txPrev.nTime << prevout.n << nTimeTx;
 397     hashProofOfStake = Hash(ss.begin(), ss.end());
 398     if (fPrintProofOfStake)
 399     {
 400         printf("CheckStakeKernelHash() : using modifier 0x%016" PRIx64 " at height=%d timestamp=%s for block from height=%d timestamp=%s\n",
 401             nStakeModifier, nStakeModifierHeight,
 402             DateTimeStrFormat(nStakeModifierTime).c_str(),
 403             mapBlockIndex[hashBlockFrom]->nHeight,
 404             DateTimeStrFormat(blockFrom.GetBlockTime()).c_str());
 405         printf("CheckStakeKernelHash() : check modifier=0x%016" PRIx64 " nTimeBlockFrom=%u nTxPrevOffset=%u nTimeTxPrev=%u nPrevout=%u nTimeTx=%u hashTarget=%s hashProof=%s\n",
 406             nStakeModifier,
 407             nTimeBlockFrom, nTxPrevOffset, txPrev.nTime, prevout.n, nTimeTx,
 408             targetProofOfStake.ToString().c_str(), hashProofOfStake.ToString().c_str());
 409     }
 410
 411     // Now check if proof-of-stake hash meets target protocol
 412     if (CBigNum(hashProofOfStake) > bnCoinDayWeight * bnTargetPerCoinDay)
 413         return false;
 414     if (fDebug && !fPrintProofOfStake)
 415     {
 416         printf("CheckStakeKernelHash() : using modifier 0x%016" PRIx64 " at height=%d timestamp=%s for block from height=%d timestamp=%s\n",
 417             nStakeModifier, nStakeModifierHeight,
 418             DateTimeStrFormat(nStakeModifierTime).c_str(),
 419             mapBlockIndex[hashBlockFrom]->nHeight,
 420             DateTimeStrFormat(blockFrom.GetBlockTime()).c_str());
 421         printf("CheckStakeKernelHash() : pass modifier=0x%016" PRIx64 " nTimeBlockFrom=%u nTxPrevOffset=%u nTimeTxPrev=%u nPrevout=%u nTimeTx=%u hashTarget=%s hashProof=%s\n",
 422             nStakeModifier,
 423             nTimeBlockFrom, nTxPrevOffset, txPrev.nTime, prevout.n, nTimeTx,
 424             targetProofOfStake.ToString().c_str(), hashProofOfStake.ToString().c_str());
 425     }
 426     return true;
 427 }
 428
 429
 430 #ifdef USE_ASM
 431
 432 // kernel padding
 433 static const uint32_t block1_suffix[9] = { 0x80000000, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0x000000e0 };
 434 static const uint32_t block1_suffix_4way[4 * 9] = {
 435     0x80000000, 0x80000000, 0x80000000, 0x80000000,
 436     0, 0, 0, 0,
 437     0, 0, 0, 0,
 438     0, 0, 0, 0,
 439     0, 0, 0, 0,
 440     0, 0, 0, 0,
 441     0, 0, 0, 0,
 442     0, 0, 0, 0,
 443     0x000000e0, 0x000000e0, 0x000000e0, 0x000000e0
 444 };
 445
 446 // hash padding
 447 static const uint32_t block2_suffix[8] = { 0x80000000, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0x00000100 };
 448 static const uint32_t block2_suffix_4way[4 * 8] = {
 449     0x80000000, 0x80000000, 0x80000000, 0x80000000,
 450     0, 0, 0, 0,
 451     0, 0, 0, 0,
 452     0, 0, 0, 0,
 453     0, 0, 0, 0,
 454     0, 0, 0, 0,
 455     0, 0, 0, 0,
 456     0x00000100, 0x00000100, 0x00000100, 0x00000100
 457 };
 458
 459 // Sha256 initial state
 460 static const uint32_t sha256_initial[8] = { 0x6a09e667, 0xbb67ae85, 0x3c6ef372, 0xa54ff53a, 0x510e527f, 0x9b05688c, 0x1f83d9ab, 0x5be0cd19 };
 461
 462 extern "C" int sha256_use_4way();
 463 #ifndef __i386__
 464 extern "C" void sha256_transform(uint32_t *state, const uint32_t *block, int swap);
 465 #endif
 466
 467 extern "C" void sha256_init_4way(uint32_t *state);
 468 extern "C" void sha256_transform_4way(uint32_t *state, const uint32_t *block, int swap);
 469
 470 #ifdef USE_SSSE3
 471 #include <immintrin.h>
 472
 473 extern "C" int sha256_use_ssse3();
 474 bool fUseSSSE3 = sha256_use_ssse3() != 0;
 475
 476 inline void copyrow_swap32(uint32_t *to, uint32_t *from)
 477 {
 478     if (!fUseSSSE3)
 479     {
 480         for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
 481             to[i] = __builtin_bswap32(from[i]);
 482     }
 483     else
 484     {
 485         __m128i mask = _mm_set_epi8(12, 13, 14, 15, 8, 9, 10, 11, 4, 5, 6, 7, 0, 1, 2, 3);
 486         _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)&to[0], _mm_shuffle_epi8(_mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *)&from[0]), mask));
 487     }
 488 }
 489 #else
 490 inline void copyrow_swap32(uint32_t *to, uint32_t *from)
 491 {
 492     for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
 493         to[i] = __builtin_bswap32(from[i]);
 494 }
 495 #endif
 496
 497 bool fUse4Way = sha256_use_4way() != 0;
 498
 499 class ScanMidstateWorker
 500 {
 501 public:
 502     ScanMidstateWorker()
 503     { }
 504     ScanMidstateWorker(unsigned char *kernel, uint32_t nBits, uint32_t nInputTxTime, int64_t nValueIn, uint32_t nIntervalBegin, uint32_t nIntervalEnd)
 505         : kernel(kernel), nBits(nBits), nInputTxTime(nInputTxTime), bnValueIn(nValueIn), nIntervalBegin(nIntervalBegin), nIntervalEnd(nIntervalEnd)
 506     {
 507         solutions = vector<std::pair<uint256,uint32_t> >();
 508     }
 509
 510     void Do_4way()
 511     {
 512         SetThreadPriority(THREAD_PRIORITY_LOWEST);
 513
 514         // Compute maximum possible target to filter out majority of obviously insufficient hashes
 515         CBigNum bnTargetPerCoinDay;
 516         bnTargetPerCoinDay.SetCompact(nBits);
 517         uint256 nMaxTarget = (bnTargetPerCoinDay * bnValueIn * nStakeMaxAge / COIN / nOneDay).getuint256();
 518
 519         uint32_t blocks1[4 * 16] __attribute__((aligned(16)));
 520         uint32_t blocks2[4 * 16] __attribute__((aligned(16)));
 521         uint32_t candidates[4 * 8] __attribute__((aligned(16)));
 522
 523         vector<uint32_t> vRow = vector<uint32_t>(4);
 524         uint32_t *pnKernel = (uint32_t *) kernel;
 525
 526         for(int i = 0; i < 7; i++)
 527         {
 528             fill(vRow.begin(), vRow.end(), pnKernel[i]);
 529             copyrow_swap32(&blocks1[i*4], &vRow[0]);
 530         }
 531
 532         memcpy(&blocks1[28], &block1_suffix_4way[0], 36*4);   // sha256 padding
 533         memcpy(&blocks2[32], &block2_suffix_4way[0], 32*4);
 534
 535         uint32_t nTimeStamps[4] = {0, 0, 0, 0};
 536         uint32_t nHashes[4] = {0, 0, 0, 0};
 537
 538         // Search forward in time from the given timestamp
 539         // Stopping search in case of shutting down
 540         for (uint32_t nTimeTx=nIntervalBegin, nMaxTarget32 = nMaxTarget.Get32(7); nTimeTx<nIntervalEnd && !fShutdown; nTimeTx +=4)
 541         {
 542             sha256_init_4way(blocks2);
 543             sha256_init_4way(candidates);
 544
 545             nTimeStamps[0] = nTimeTx;
 546             nTimeStamps[1] = nTimeTx+1;
 547             nTimeStamps[2] = nTimeTx+2;
 548             nTimeStamps[3] = nTimeTx+3;
 549
 550             copyrow_swap32(&blocks1[24], &nTimeStamps[0]); // Kernel timestamps
 551
 552             sha256_transform_4way(&blocks2[0], &blocks1[0], 0); // first hashing
 553             sha256_transform_4way(&candidates[0], &blocks2[0], 0); // second hashing
 554             copyrow_swap32(&nHashes[0], &candidates[28]);
 555
 556             for(int nResult = 0; nResult < 4; nResult++)
 557             {
 558                 if (nHashes[nResult] <= nMaxTarget32) // Possible hit
 559                 {
 560                     uint256 nHashProofOfStake = 0;
 561                     uint32_t *pnHashProofOfStake = (uint32_t *) &nHashProofOfStake;
 562
 563                     for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++)
 564                         pnHashProofOfStake[i] = __builtin_bswap32(candidates[(i*4) + nResult]);
 565                     pnHashProofOfStake[7] = nHashes[nResult];
 566
 567                     CBigNum bnCoinDayWeight = bnValueIn * GetWeight((int64_t)nInputTxTime, (int64_t)nTimeStamps[nResult]) / COIN / nOneDay;
 568                     CBigNum bnTargetProofOfStake = bnCoinDayWeight * bnTargetPerCoinDay;
 569
 570                     if (bnTargetProofOfStake >= CBigNum(nHashProofOfStake))
 571                         solutions.push_back(std::pair<uint256,uint32_t>(nHashProofOfStake, nTimeStamps[nResult]));
 572                 }
 573             }
 574         }
 575     }
 576
 577     void Do_oneway()
 578     {
 579         SetThreadPriority(THREAD_PRIORITY_LOWEST);
 580
 581         // Compute maximum possible target to filter out majority of obviously insufficient hashes
 582         CBigNum bnTargetPerCoinDay;
 583         bnTargetPerCoinDay.SetCompact(nBits);
 584         uint256 nMaxTarget = (bnTargetPerCoinDay * bnValueIn * nStakeMaxAge / COIN / nOneDay).getuint256();
 585
 586 #ifdef __i386__
 587         SHA256_CTX ctx, workerCtx;
 588         // Init new sha256 context and update it
 589         //   with first 24 bytes of kernel
 590         SHA256_Init(&ctx);
 591         SHA256_Update(&ctx, kernel, 8 + 16);
 592         workerCtx = ctx; // save context
 593
 594         // Sha256 result buffer
 595         uint32_t hashProofOfStake[8];
 596         uint256 *pnHashProofOfStake = (uint256 *)&hashProofOfStake;
 597
 598         // Search forward in time from the given timestamp
 599         // Stopping search in case of shutting down
 600         for (uint32_t nTimeTx=nIntervalBegin, nMaxTarget32 = nMaxTarget.Get32(7); nTimeTx<nIntervalEnd && !fShutdown; nTimeTx++)
 601         {
 602             // Complete first hashing iteration
 603             uint256 hash1;
 604             SHA256_Update(&ctx, (unsigned char*)&nTimeTx, 4);
 605             SHA256_Final((unsigned char*)&hash1, &ctx);
 606
 607             // Restore context
 608             ctx = workerCtx;
 609
 610             // Finally, calculate kernel hash
 611             SHA256((unsigned char*)&hash1, sizeof(hashProofOfStake), (unsigned char*)&hashProofOfStake);
 612
 613             // Skip if hash doesn't satisfy the maximum target
 614             if (hashProofOfStake[7] > nMaxTarget32)
 615                 continue;
 616
 617             CBigNum bnCoinDayWeight = bnValueIn * GetWeight((int64_t)nInputTxTime, (int64_t)nTimeTx) / COIN / nOneDay;
 618             CBigNum bnTargetProofOfStake = bnCoinDayWeight * bnTargetPerCoinDay;
 619
 620             if (bnTargetProofOfStake >= CBigNum(*pnHashProofOfStake))
 621                 solutions.push_back(std::pair<uint256,uint32_t>(*pnHashProofOfStake, nTimeTx));
 622         }
 623 #else
 624         uint32_t block1[16] __attribute__((aligned(16)));
 625         uint32_t block2[16] __attribute__((aligned(16)));
 626         uint32_t candidate[8] __attribute__((aligned(16)));
 627
 628         memcpy(&block1[7], &block1_suffix[0], 36);   // sha256 padding
 629         memcpy(&block2[8], &block2_suffix[0], 32);
 630
 631         uint32_t *pnKernel = (uint32_t *) kernel;
 632         copyrow_swap32(&block1[0], pnKernel);
 633         block1[4] = __builtin_bswap32(pnKernel[4]);
 634         block1[5] = __builtin_bswap32(pnKernel[5]);
 635
 636         // Search forward in time from the given timestamp
 637         // Stopping search in case of shutting down
 638         for (uint32_t nTimeTx=nIntervalBegin, nMaxTarget32 = nMaxTarget.Get32(7); nTimeTx<nIntervalEnd && !fShutdown; nTimeTx++)
 639         {
 640             memcpy(&block2[0], &sha256_initial[0], 32);
 641             memcpy(&candidate[0], &sha256_initial[0], 32);
 642
 643             block1[6] = __builtin_bswap32(nTimeTx);
 644
 645             sha256_transform(&block2[0], &block1[0], 0); // first hashing
 646             sha256_transform(&candidate[0], &block2[0], 0); // second hashing
 647
 648             uint32_t nHash7 = __builtin_bswap32(candidate[7]);
 649
 650             // Skip if hash doesn't satisfy the maximum target
 651             if (nHash7 > nMaxTarget32)
 652                 continue;
 653
 654             uint256 nHashProofOfStake;
 655             uint32_t *pnHashProofOfStake = (uint32_t *) &nHashProofOfStake;
 656
 657             for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++)
 658                 pnHashProofOfStake[i] = __builtin_bswap32(candidate[i]);
 659             pnHashProofOfStake[7] = nHash7;
 660
 661             CBigNum bnCoinDayWeight = bnValueIn * GetWeight((int64_t)nInputTxTime, (int64_t)nTimeTx) / COIN / nOneDay;
 662             CBigNum bnTargetProofOfStake = bnCoinDayWeight * bnTargetPerCoinDay;
 663
 664             if (bnTargetProofOfStake >= CBigNum(nHashProofOfStake))
 665                 solutions.push_back(std::pair<uint256,uint32_t>(nHashProofOfStake, nTimeTx));
 666         }
 667 #endif
 668     }
 669
 670     void Do()
 671     {
 672         if (fUse4Way)
 673             Do_4way();
 674         else
 675             Do_oneway();
 676     }
 677
 678     vector<std::pair<uint256,uint32_t> >& GetSolutions()
 679     {
 680         return solutions;
 681     }
 682
 683 private:
 684     std::vector<std::pair<uint256,uint32_t> > solutions;
 685
 686     uint8_t *kernel;
 687     uint32_t nBits;
 688     uint32_t nInputTxTime;
 689     CBigNum  bnValueIn;
 690     uint32_t nIntervalBegin;
 691     uint32_t nIntervalEnd;
 692 };
 693
 694 #else
 695 class ScanMidstateWorker
 696 {
 697 public:
 698     ScanMidstateWorker()
 699     { }
 700     ScanMidstateWorker(unsigned char *kernel, uint32_t nBits, uint32_t nInputTxTime, int64_t nValueIn, uint32_t nIntervalBegin, uint32_t nIntervalEnd)
 701         : nBits(nBits), nInputTxTime(nInputTxTime), bnValueIn(nValueIn), nIntervalBegin(nIntervalBegin), nIntervalEnd(nIntervalEnd)
 702     {
 703         // Init new sha256 context and update it
 704         //   with first 24 bytes of kernel
 705         SHA256_Init(&workerCtx);
 706         SHA256_Update(&workerCtx, kernel, 8 + 16);
 707         solutions = vector<std::pair<uint256,uint32_t> >();
 708     }
 709
 710     void Do()
 711     {
 712         SetThreadPriority(THREAD_PRIORITY_LOWEST);
 713         SHA256_CTX ctx = workerCtx;
 714
 715         // Sha256 result buffer
 716         uint32_t hashProofOfStake[8];
 717
 718         // Compute maximum possible target to filter out majority of obviously insufficient hashes
 719         CBigNum bnTargetPerCoinDay;
 720         bnTargetPerCoinDay.SetCompact(nBits);
 721
 722         uint256 nMaxTarget = (bnTargetPerCoinDay * bnValueIn * nStakeMaxAge / COIN / nOneDay).getuint256(),
 723             *pnHashProofOfStake = (uint256 *)&hashProofOfStake;
 724
 725         // Search forward in time from the given timestamp
 726         // Stopping search in case of shutting down
 727         for (uint32_t nTimeTx=nIntervalBegin, nMaxTarget32 = nMaxTarget.Get32(7); nTimeTx<nIntervalEnd && !fShutdown; nTimeTx++)
 728         {
 729             // Complete first hashing iteration
 730             uint256 hash1;
 731             SHA256_Update(&ctx, (unsigned char*)&nTimeTx, 4);
 732             SHA256_Final((unsigned char*)&hash1, &ctx);
 733
 734             // Restore context
 735             ctx = workerCtx;
 736
 737             // Finally, calculate kernel hash
 738             SHA256((unsigned char*)&hash1, sizeof(hashProofOfStake), (unsigned char*)&hashProofOfStake);
 739
 740             // Skip if hash doesn't satisfy the maximum target
 741             if (hashProofOfStake[7] > nMaxTarget32)
 742                 continue;
 743
 744             CBigNum bnCoinDayWeight = bnValueIn * GetWeight((int64_t)nInputTxTime, (int64_t)nTimeTx) / COIN / nOneDay;
 745             CBigNum bnTargetProofOfStake = bnCoinDayWeight * bnTargetPerCoinDay;
 746
 747             if (bnTargetProofOfStake >= CBigNum(*pnHashProofOfStake))
 748                 solutions.push_back(std::pair<uint256,uint32_t>(*pnHashProofOfStake, nTimeTx));
 749         }
 750     }
 751
 752     vector<std::pair<uint256,uint32_t> >& GetSolutions()
 753     {
 754         return solutions;
 755     }
 756
 757 private:
 758     SHA256_CTX workerCtx;
 759     std::vector<std::pair<uint256,uint32_t> > solutions;
 760
 761     uint32_t nBits;
 762     uint32_t nInputTxTime;
 763     CBigNum  bnValueIn;
 764     uint32_t nIntervalBegin;
 765     uint32_t nIntervalEnd;
 766 };
 767
 768 #endif
 769 // Scan given kernel for solution
 770 bool ScanKernelForward(unsigned char *kernel, uint32_t nBits, uint32_t nInputTxTime, int64_t nValueIn, std::pair<uint32_t, uint32_t> &SearchInterval, std::vector<std::pair<uint256, uint32_t> > &solutions)
 771 {
 772     // TODO: custom threads amount
 773
 774     uint32_t nThreads = boost::thread::hardware_concurrency();
 775     uint32_t nPart = (SearchInterval.second - SearchInterval.first) / nThreads;
 776
 777
 778     ScanMidstateWorker *workers = new ScanMidstateWorker[nThreads];
 779
 780     boost::thread_group group;
 781     for(size_t i = 0; i < nThreads; i++)
 782     {
 783         uint32_t nBegin = SearchInterval.first + nPart * i;
 784         uint32_t nEnd = SearchInterval.first + nPart * (i + 1);
 785         workers[i] = ScanMidstateWorker(kernel, nBits, nInputTxTime, nValueIn, nBegin, nEnd);
 786         boost::function<void()> workerFnc = boost::bind(&ScanMidstateWorker::Do, &workers[i]);
 787         group.create_thread(workerFnc);
 788     }
 789
 790     group.join_all();
 791     solutions.clear();
 792
 793     for(size_t i = 0; i < nThreads; i++)
 794     {
 795         std::vector<std::pair<uint256, uint32_t> > ws = workers[i].GetSolutions();
 796         solutions.insert(solutions.end(), ws.begin(), ws.end());
 797     }
 798
 799     delete [] workers;
 800
 801     if (solutions.size() == 0)
 802     {
 803         // no solutions
 804         return false;
 805     }
 806
 807     return true;
 808 }
 809
 810 // Scan given midstate for solution
 811 bool ScanContextBackward(SHA256_CTX &ctx, uint32_t nBits, uint32_t nInputTxTime, int64_t nValueIn, std::pair<uint32_t, uint32_t> &SearchInterval, std::pair<uint256, uint32_t> &solution)
 812 {
 813     CBigNum bnTargetPerCoinDay;
 814     bnTargetPerCoinDay.SetCompact(nBits);
 815
 816     // Get maximum possible target to filter out the majority of obviously insufficient hashes
 817     CBigNum bnMaxTargetPerCoinDay = bnTargetPerCoinDay * CBigNum(nValueIn) * nStakeMaxAge / COIN / nOneDay;
 818     uint256 maxTarget = bnMaxTargetPerCoinDay.getuint256();
 819
 820     SHA256_CTX ctxCopy = ctx;
 821
 822     // Search backward in time from the given timestamp
 823     // Stopping search in case of shutting down
 824     for (uint32_t nTimeTx=SearchInterval.first; nTimeTx>SearchInterval.second && !fShutdown; nTimeTx--)
 825     {
 826         // Complete first hashing iteration
 827         uint256 hash1;
 828         SHA256_Update(&ctxCopy, (unsigned char*)&nTimeTx, 4);
 829         SHA256_Final((unsigned char*)&hash1, &ctxCopy);
 830
 831         // Restore context
 832         ctxCopy = ctx;
 833
 834         // Finally, calculate kernel hash
 835         uint256 hashProofOfStake;
 836         SHA256((unsigned char*)&hash1, sizeof(hashProofOfStake), (unsigned char*)&hashProofOfStake);
 837
 838         // Skip if hash doesn't satisfy the maximum target
 839         if (hashProofOfStake > maxTarget)
 840             continue;
 841
 842         CBigNum bnCoinDayWeight = CBigNum(nValueIn) * GetWeight((int64_t)nInputTxTime, (int64_t)nTimeTx) / COIN / nOneDay;
 843         CBigNum bnTargetProofOfStake = bnCoinDayWeight * bnTargetPerCoinDay;
 844
 845         if (bnTargetProofOfStake >= CBigNum(hashProofOfStake))
 846         {
 847             solution.first = hashProofOfStake;
 848             solution.second = nTimeTx;
 849
 850             return true;
 851         }
 852     }
 853
 854     return false;
 855 }
 856
 857 // Check kernel hash target and coinstake signature
 858 bool CheckProofOfStake(const CTransaction& tx, unsigned int nBits, uint256& hashProofOfStake, uint256& targetProofOfStake)
 859 {
 860     if (!tx.IsCoinStake())
 861         return error("CheckProofOfStake() : called on non-coinstake %s", tx.GetHash().ToString().c_str());
 862
 863     // Kernel (input 0) must match the stake hash target per coin age (nBits)
 864     const CTxIn& txin = tx.vin[0];
 865
 866     // First try finding the previous transaction in database
 867     CTxDB txdb("r");
 868     CTransaction txPrev;
 869     CTxIndex txindex;
 870     if (!txPrev.ReadFromDisk(txdb, txin.prevout, txindex))
 871         return tx.DoS(1, error("CheckProofOfStake() : INFO: read txPrev failed"));  // previous transaction not in main chain, may occur during initial download
 872
 873 #ifndef USE_LEVELDB
 874     txdb.Close();
 875 #endif
 876
 877     // Verify signature
 878     if (!VerifySignature(txPrev, tx, 0, MANDATORY_SCRIPT_VERIFY_FLAGS, 0))
 879         return tx.DoS(100, error("CheckProofOfStake() : VerifySignature failed on coinstake %s", tx.GetHash().ToString().c_str()));
 880
 881     // Read block header
 882     CBlock block;
 883     if (!block.ReadFromDisk(txindex.pos.nFile, txindex.pos.nBlockPos, false))
 884         return fDebug? error("CheckProofOfStake() : read block failed") : false; // unable to read block of previous transaction
 885
 886     if (!CheckStakeKernelHash(nBits, block, txindex.pos.nTxPos - txindex.pos.nBlockPos, txPrev, txin.prevout, tx.nTime, hashProofOfStake, targetProofOfStake, fDebug))
 887         return tx.DoS(1, error("CheckProofOfStake() : INFO: check kernel failed on coinstake %s, hashProof=%s", tx.GetHash().ToString().c_str(), hashProofOfStake.ToString().c_str())); // may occur during initial download or if behind on block chain sync
 888
 889     return true;
 890 }
 891
 892 // Get stake modifier checksum
 893 uint32_t GetStakeModifierChecksum(const CBlockIndex* pindex)
 894 {
 895     assert (pindex->pprev || pindex->GetBlockHash() == (!fTestNet ? hashGenesisBlock : hashGenesisBlockTestNet));
 896     // Hash previous checksum with flags, hashProofOfStake and nStakeModifier
 897     CDataStream ss(SER_GETHASH, 0);
 898     if (pindex->pprev)
 899         ss << pindex->pprev->nStakeModifierChecksum;
 900     ss << pindex->nFlags << pindex->hashProofOfStake << pindex->nStakeModifier;
 901     uint256 hashChecksum = Hash(ss.begin(), ss.end());
 902     hashChecksum >>= (256 - 32);
 903     return static_cast<uint32_t>(hashChecksum.Get64());
 904 }
 905
 906 // Check stake modifier hard checkpoints
 907 bool CheckStakeModifierCheckpoints(int nHeight, uint32_t nStakeModifierChecksum)
 908 {
 909     MapModifierCheckpoints& checkpoints = (fTestNet ? mapStakeModifierCheckpointsTestNet : mapStakeModifierCheckpoints);
 910
 911     if (checkpoints.count(nHeight))
 912         return nStakeModifierChecksum == checkpoints[nHeight];
 913     return true;
 914 }