src/txdb-leveldb.cpp

   1 // Copyright (c) 2009-2010 Satoshi Nakamoto
   2 // Copyright (c) 2009-2012 The Bitcoin developers
   3 // Distributed under the MIT/X11 software license, see the accompanying
   4 // file license.txt or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
   5
   6 #include <map>
   7
   8 #include <boost/version.hpp>
   9 #include <boost/filesystem.hpp>
  10 #include <boost/filesystem/fstream.hpp>
  11
  12 #include <leveldb/env.h>
  13 #include <leveldb/cache.h>
  14 #include <leveldb/filter_policy.h>
  15 #include <memenv/memenv.h>
  16
  17 #include "kernel.h"
  18 #include "checkpoints.h"
  19 #include "txdb.h"
  20 #include "util.h"
  21 #include "main.h"
  22
  23 using namespace std;
  24 using namespace boost;
  25
  26 leveldb::DB *txdb; // global pointer for LevelDB object instance
  27
  28 static leveldb::Options GetOptions() {
  29     leveldb::Options options;
  30     int nCacheSizeMB = GetArgInt("-dbcache", 25);
  31     options.block_cache = leveldb::NewLRUCache(nCacheSizeMB * 1048576);
  32     options.filter_policy = leveldb::NewBloomFilterPolicy(10);
  33     return options;
  34 }
  35
  36 void init_blockindex(leveldb::Options& options, bool fRemoveOld = false) {
  37     // First time init.
  38     filesystem::path directory = GetDataDir() / "txleveldb";
  39
  40     if (fRemoveOld) {
  41         filesystem::remove_all(directory); // remove directory
  42         unsigned int nFile = 1;
  43
  44         while (true)
  45         {
  46             filesystem::path strBlockFile = GetDataDir() / strprintf("blk%04u.dat", nFile);
  47
  48             // Break if no such file
  49             if( !filesystem::exists( strBlockFile ) )
  50                 break;
  51
  52             filesystem::remove(strBlockFile);
  53
  54             nFile++;
  55         }
  56     }
  57
  58     filesystem::create_directory(directory);
  59     printf("Opening LevelDB in %s\n", directory.string().c_str());
  60     leveldb::Status status = leveldb::DB::Open(options, directory.string(), &txdb);
  61     if (!status.ok()) {
  62         throw runtime_error(strprintf("init_blockindex(): error opening database environment %s", status.ToString().c_str()));
  63     }
  64 }
  65
  66 // CDB subclasses are created and destroyed VERY OFTEN. That's why
  67 // we shouldn't treat this as a free operations.
  68 CTxDB::CTxDB(const char* pszMode)
  69 {
  70     assert(pszMode);
  71     activeBatch = NULL;
  72     fReadOnly = (!strchr(pszMode, '+') && !strchr(pszMode, 'w'));
  73
  74     if (txdb) {
  75         pdb = txdb;
  76         return;
  77     }
  78
  79     bool fCreate = strchr(pszMode, 'c');
  80
  81     options = GetOptions();
  82     options.create_if_missing = fCreate;
  83     options.filter_policy = leveldb::NewBloomFilterPolicy(10);
  84
  85     init_blockindex(options); // Init directory
  86     pdb = txdb;
  87
  88     if (Exists(string("version")))
  89     {
  90         ReadVersion(nVersion);
  91         printf("Transaction index version is %d\n", nVersion);
  92
  93         if (nVersion < DATABASE_VERSION)
  94         {
  95             printf("Required index version is %d, removing old database\n", DATABASE_VERSION);
  96
  97             // Leveldb instance destruction
  98             delete txdb;
  99             txdb = pdb = NULL;
 100             delete activeBatch;
 101             activeBatch = NULL;
 102
 103             init_blockindex(options, true); // Remove directory and create new database
 104             pdb = txdb;
 105
 106             bool fTmp = fReadOnly;
 107             fReadOnly = false;
 108             WriteVersion(DATABASE_VERSION); // Save transaction index version
 109             fReadOnly = fTmp;
 110         }
 111     }
 112     else if (fCreate)
 113     {
 114         bool fTmp = fReadOnly;
 115         fReadOnly = false;
 116         WriteVersion(DATABASE_VERSION);
 117         fReadOnly = fTmp;
 118     }
 119
 120     printf("Opened LevelDB successfully\n");
 121 }
 122
 123 void CTxDB::Close()
 124 {
 125     delete txdb;
 126     txdb = pdb = NULL;
 127     delete options.filter_policy;
 128     options.filter_policy = NULL;
 129     delete options.block_cache;
 130     options.block_cache = NULL;
 131     delete activeBatch;
 132     activeBatch = NULL;
 133 }
 134
 135 bool CTxDB::TxnBegin()
 136 {
 137     assert(!activeBatch);
 138     activeBatch = new leveldb::WriteBatch();
 139     return true;
 140 }
 141
 142 bool CTxDB::TxnCommit()
 143 {
 144     assert(activeBatch);
 145     leveldb::Status status = pdb->Write(leveldb::WriteOptions(), activeBatch);
 146     delete activeBatch;
 147     activeBatch = NULL;
 148     if (!status.ok()) {
 149         printf("LevelDB batch commit failure: %s\n", status.ToString().c_str());
 150         return false;
 151     }
 152     return true;
 153 }
 154
 155 class CBatchScanner : public leveldb::WriteBatch::Handler {
 156 public:
 157     std::string needle;
 158     bool *deleted;
 159     std::string *foundValue;
 160     bool foundEntry;
 161
 162     CBatchScanner() : foundEntry(false) {}
 163
 164     virtual void Put(const leveldb::Slice& key, const leveldb::Slice& value) {
 165         if (key.ToString() == needle) {
 166             foundEntry = true;
 167             *deleted = false;
 168             *foundValue = value.ToString();
 169         }
 170     }
 171
 172     virtual void Delete(const leveldb::Slice& key) {
 173         if (key.ToString() == needle) {
 174             foundEntry = true;
 175             *deleted = true;
 176         }
 177     }
 178 };
 179
 180 // When performing a read, if we have an active batch we need to check it first
 181 // before reading from the database, as the rest of the code assumes that once
 182 // a database transaction begins reads are consistent with it. It would be good
 183 // to change that assumption in future and avoid the performance hit, though in
 184 // practice it does not appear to be large.
 185 bool CTxDB::ScanBatch(const CDataStream &key, string *value, bool *deleted) const {
 186     assert(activeBatch);
 187     *deleted = false;
 188     CBatchScanner scanner;
 189     scanner.needle = key.str();
 190     scanner.deleted = deleted;
 191     scanner.foundValue = value;
 192     leveldb::Status status = activeBatch->Iterate(&scanner);
 193     if (!status.ok()) {
 194         throw runtime_error(status.ToString());
 195     }
 196     return scanner.foundEntry;
 197 }
 198
 199 bool CTxDB::ReadTxIndex(uint256 hash, CTxIndex& txindex)
 200 {
 201     assert(!fClient);
 202     txindex.SetNull();
 203     return Read(make_pair(string("tx"), hash), txindex);
 204 }
 205
 206 bool CTxDB::UpdateTxIndex(uint256 hash, const CTxIndex& txindex)
 207 {
 208     assert(!fClient);
 209     return Write(make_pair(string("tx"), hash), txindex);
 210 }
 211
 212 bool CTxDB::AddTxIndex(const CTransaction& tx, const CDiskTxPos& pos, int nHeight)
 213 {
 214     assert(!fClient);
 215
 216     // Add to tx index
 217     uint256 hash = tx.GetHash();
 218     CTxIndex txindex(pos, tx.vout.size());
 219     return Write(make_pair(string("tx"), hash), txindex);
 220 }
 221
 222 bool CTxDB::EraseTxIndex(const CTransaction& tx)
 223 {
 224     assert(!fClient);
 225     uint256 hash = tx.GetHash();
 226
 227     return Erase(make_pair(string("tx"), hash));
 228 }
 229
 230 bool CTxDB::ContainsTx(uint256 hash)
 231 {
 232     assert(!fClient);
 233     return Exists(make_pair(string("tx"), hash));
 234 }
 235
 236 bool CTxDB::ReadDiskTx(uint256 hash, CTransaction& tx, CTxIndex& txindex)
 237 {
 238     assert(!fClient);
 239     tx.SetNull();
 240     if (!ReadTxIndex(hash, txindex))
 241         return false;
 242     return (tx.ReadFromDisk(txindex.pos));
 243 }
 244
 245 bool CTxDB::ReadDiskTx(uint256 hash, CTransaction& tx)
 246 {
 247     CTxIndex txindex;
 248     return ReadDiskTx(hash, tx, txindex);
 249 }
 250
 251 bool CTxDB::ReadDiskTx(COutPoint outpoint, CTransaction& tx, CTxIndex& txindex)
 252 {
 253     return ReadDiskTx(outpoint.hash, tx, txindex);
 254 }
 255
 256 bool CTxDB::ReadDiskTx(COutPoint outpoint, CTransaction& tx)
 257 {
 258     CTxIndex txindex;
 259     return ReadDiskTx(outpoint.hash, tx, txindex);
 260 }
 261
 262 bool CTxDB::WriteBlockIndex(const CDiskBlockIndex& blockindex)
 263 {
 264     return Write(make_pair(string("blockindex"), blockindex.GetBlockHash()), blockindex);
 265 }
 266
 267 bool CTxDB::ReadHashBestChain(uint256& hashBestChain)
 268 {
 269     return Read(string("hashBestChain"), hashBestChain);
 270 }
 271
 272 bool CTxDB::WriteHashBestChain(uint256 hashBestChain)
 273 {
 274     return Write(string("hashBestChain"), hashBestChain);
 275 }
 276
 277 bool CTxDB::ReadBestInvalidTrust(CBigNum& bnBestInvalidTrust)
 278 {
 279     return Read(string("bnBestInvalidTrust"), bnBestInvalidTrust);
 280 }
 281
 282 bool CTxDB::WriteBestInvalidTrust(CBigNum bnBestInvalidTrust)
 283 {
 284     return Write(string("bnBestInvalidTrust"), bnBestInvalidTrust);
 285 }
 286
 287 bool CTxDB::ReadSyncCheckpoint(uint256& hashCheckpoint)
 288 {
 289     return Read(string("hashSyncCheckpoint"), hashCheckpoint);
 290 }
 291
 292 bool CTxDB::WriteSyncCheckpoint(uint256 hashCheckpoint)
 293 {
 294     return Write(string("hashSyncCheckpoint"), hashCheckpoint);
 295 }
 296
 297 bool CTxDB::ReadCheckpointPubKey(string& strPubKey)
 298 {
 299     return Read(string("strCheckpointPubKey"), strPubKey);
 300 }
 301
 302 bool CTxDB::WriteCheckpointPubKey(const string& strPubKey)
 303 {
 304     return Write(string("strCheckpointPubKey"), strPubKey);
 305 }
 306
 307 bool CTxDB::ReadModifierUpgradeTime(unsigned int& nUpgradeTime)
 308 {
 309     return Read(string("nUpgradeTime"), nUpgradeTime);
 310 }
 311
 312 bool CTxDB::WriteModifierUpgradeTime(const unsigned int& nUpgradeTime)
 313 {
 314     return Write(string("nUpgradeTime"), nUpgradeTime);
 315 }
 316
 317 static CBlockIndex *InsertBlockIndex(uint256 hash)
 318 {
 319     if (hash == 0)
 320         return NULL;
 321
 322     // Return existing
 323     map<uint256, CBlockIndex*>::iterator mi = mapBlockIndex.find(hash);
 324     if (mi != mapBlockIndex.end())
 325         return (*mi).second;
 326
 327     // Create new
 328     CBlockIndex* pindexNew = new(nothrow) CBlockIndex();
 329     if (!pindexNew)
 330         throw runtime_error("LoadBlockIndex() : new CBlockIndex failed");
 331     mi = mapBlockIndex.insert(make_pair(hash, pindexNew)).first;
 332     pindexNew->phashBlock = &((*mi).first);
 333
 334     return pindexNew;
 335 }
 336
 337 bool CTxDB::LoadBlockIndex()
 338 {
 339     if (mapBlockIndex.size() > 0) {
 340         // Already loaded once in this session. It can happen during migration
 341         // from BDB.
 342         return true;
 343     }
 344     // The block index is an in-memory structure that maps hashes to on-disk
 345     // locations where the contents of the block can be found. Here, we scan it
 346     // out of the DB and into mapBlockIndex.
 347     leveldb::Iterator *iterator = pdb->NewIterator(leveldb::ReadOptions());
 348     // Seek to start key.
 349     CDataStream ssStartKey(SER_DISK, CLIENT_VERSION);
 350     ssStartKey << make_pair(string("blockindex"), uint256(0));
 351     iterator->Seek(ssStartKey.str());
 352     // Now read each entry.
 353     while (iterator->Valid())
 354     {
 355         // Unpack keys and values.
 356         CDataStream ssKey(SER_DISK, CLIENT_VERSION);
 357         ssKey.write(iterator->key().data(), iterator->key().size());
 358         CDataStream ssValue(SER_DISK, CLIENT_VERSION);
 359         ssValue.write(iterator->value().data(), iterator->value().size());
 360         string strType;
 361         ssKey >> strType;
 362         // Did we reach the end of the data to read?
 363         if (fRequestShutdown || strType != "blockindex")
 364             break;
 365         CDiskBlockIndex diskindex;
 366         ssValue >> diskindex;
 367
 368         uint256 blockHash = diskindex.GetBlockHash();
 369
 370         // Construct block index object
 371         CBlockIndex* pindexNew    = InsertBlockIndex(blockHash);
 372         pindexNew->pprev          = InsertBlockIndex(diskindex.hashPrev);
 373         pindexNew->pnext          = InsertBlockIndex(diskindex.hashNext);
 374         pindexNew->nFile          = diskindex.nFile;
 375         pindexNew->nBlockPos      = diskindex.nBlockPos;
 376         pindexNew->nHeight        = diskindex.nHeight;
 377         pindexNew->nMint          = diskindex.nMint;
 378         pindexNew->nMoneySupply   = diskindex.nMoneySupply;
 379         pindexNew->nFlags         = diskindex.nFlags;
 380         pindexNew->nStakeModifier = diskindex.nStakeModifier;
 381         pindexNew->prevoutStake   = diskindex.prevoutStake;
 382         pindexNew->nStakeTime     = diskindex.nStakeTime;
 383         pindexNew->hashProofOfStake = diskindex.hashProofOfStake;
 384         pindexNew->nVersion       = diskindex.nVersion;
 385         pindexNew->hashMerkleRoot = diskindex.hashMerkleRoot;
 386         pindexNew->nTime          = diskindex.nTime;
 387         pindexNew->nBits          = diskindex.nBits;
 388         pindexNew->nNonce         = diskindex.nNonce;
 389
 390         // Watch for genesis block
 391         if (pindexGenesisBlock == NULL && blockHash == (!fTestNet ? hashGenesisBlock : hashGenesisBlockTestNet))
 392             pindexGenesisBlock = pindexNew;
 393
 394         if (!pindexNew->CheckIndex()) {
 395             delete iterator;
 396             return error("LoadBlockIndex() : CheckIndex failed at %d", pindexNew->nHeight);
 397         }
 398
 399         // NovaCoin: build setStakeSeen
 400         if (pindexNew->IsProofOfStake())
 401             setStakeSeen.insert(make_pair(pindexNew->prevoutStake, pindexNew->nStakeTime));
 402
 403         iterator->Next();
 404     }
 405     delete iterator;
 406
 407     if (fRequestShutdown)
 408         return true;
 409
 410     // Calculate nChainTrust
 411     vector<pair<int, CBlockIndex*> > vSortedByHeight;
 412     vSortedByHeight.reserve(mapBlockIndex.size());
 413     BOOST_FOREACH(const PAIRTYPE(uint256, CBlockIndex*)& item, mapBlockIndex)
 414     {
 415         CBlockIndex* pindex = item.second;
 416         vSortedByHeight.push_back(make_pair(pindex->nHeight, pindex));
 417     }
 418     sort(vSortedByHeight.begin(), vSortedByHeight.end());
 419     BOOST_FOREACH(const PAIRTYPE(int, CBlockIndex*)& item, vSortedByHeight)
 420     {
 421         CBlockIndex* pindex = item.second;
 422         pindex->nChainTrust = (pindex->pprev ? pindex->pprev->nChainTrust : 0) + pindex->GetBlockTrust();
 423         // NovaCoin: calculate stake modifier checksum
 424         pindex->nStakeModifierChecksum = GetStakeModifierChecksum(pindex);
 425         if (!CheckStakeModifierCheckpoints(pindex->nHeight, pindex->nStakeModifierChecksum))
 426             return error("CTxDB::LoadBlockIndex() : Failed stake modifier checkpoint height=%d, modifier=0x%016" PRIx64, pindex->nHeight, pindex->nStakeModifier);
 427     }
 428
 429     // Load hashBestChain pointer to end of best chain
 430     if (!ReadHashBestChain(hashBestChain))
 431     {
 432         if (pindexGenesisBlock == NULL)
 433             return true;
 434         return error("CTxDB::LoadBlockIndex() : hashBestChain not loaded");
 435     }
 436     if (!mapBlockIndex.count(hashBestChain))
 437         return error("CTxDB::LoadBlockIndex() : hashBestChain not found in the block index");
 438     pindexBest = mapBlockIndex[hashBestChain];
 439     nBestHeight = pindexBest->nHeight;
 440     nBestChainTrust = pindexBest->nChainTrust;
 441
 442     printf("LoadBlockIndex(): hashBestChain=%s  height=%d  trust=%s  date=%s\n",
 443       hashBestChain.ToString().substr(0,20).c_str(), nBestHeight, CBigNum(nBestChainTrust).ToString().c_str(),
 444       DateTimeStrFormat("%x %H:%M:%S", pindexBest->GetBlockTime()).c_str());
 445
 446     // NovaCoin: load hashSyncCheckpoint
 447     if (!ReadSyncCheckpoint(Checkpoints::hashSyncCheckpoint))
 448         return error("CTxDB::LoadBlockIndex() : hashSyncCheckpoint not loaded");
 449     printf("LoadBlockIndex(): synchronized checkpoint %s\n", Checkpoints::hashSyncCheckpoint.ToString().c_str());
 450
 451     // Load bnBestInvalidTrust, OK if it doesn't exist
 452     CBigNum bnBestInvalidTrust;
 453     ReadBestInvalidTrust(bnBestInvalidTrust);
 454     nBestInvalidTrust = bnBestInvalidTrust.getuint256();
 455
 456     // Verify blocks in the best chain
 457     int nCheckLevel = GetArgInt("-checklevel", 1);
 458     int nCheckDepth = GetArgInt( "-checkblocks", 2500);
 459     if (nCheckDepth == 0)
 460         nCheckDepth = 1000000000; // suffices until the year 19000
 461     if (nCheckDepth > nBestHeight)
 462         nCheckDepth = nBestHeight;
 463     printf("Verifying last %i blocks at level %i\n", nCheckDepth, nCheckLevel);
 464     CBlockIndex* pindexFork = NULL;
 465     map<pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>, CBlockIndex*> mapBlockPos;
 466     for (CBlockIndex* pindex = pindexBest; pindex && pindex->pprev; pindex = pindex->pprev)
 467     {
 468         if (fRequestShutdown || pindex->nHeight < nBestHeight-nCheckDepth)
 469             break;
 470         CBlock block;
 471         if (!block.ReadFromDisk(pindex))
 472             return error("LoadBlockIndex() : block.ReadFromDisk failed");
 473         // check level 1: verify block validity
 474         // check level 7: verify block signature too
 475         if (nCheckLevel>0 && !block.CheckBlock(true, true, (nCheckLevel>6)))
 476         {
 477             printf("LoadBlockIndex() : *** found bad block at %d, hash=%s\n", pindex->nHeight, pindex->GetBlockHash().ToString().c_str());
 478             pindexFork = pindex->pprev;
 479         }
 480         // check level 2: verify transaction index validity
 481         if (nCheckLevel>1)
 482         {
 483             pair<unsigned int, unsigned int> pos = make_pair(pindex->nFile, pindex->nBlockPos);
 484             mapBlockPos[pos] = pindex;
 485             BOOST_FOREACH(const CTransaction &tx, block.vtx)
 486             {
 487                 uint256 hashTx = tx.GetHash();
 488                 CTxIndex txindex;
 489                 if (ReadTxIndex(hashTx, txindex))
 490                 {
 491                     // check level 3: checker transaction hashes
 492                     if (nCheckLevel>2 || pindex->nFile != txindex.pos.nFile || pindex->nBlockPos != txindex.pos.nBlockPos)
 493                     {
 494                         // either an error or a duplicate transaction
 495                         CTransaction txFound;
 496                         if (!txFound.ReadFromDisk(txindex.pos))
 497                         {
 498                             printf("LoadBlockIndex() : *** cannot read mislocated transaction %s\n", hashTx.ToString().c_str());
 499                             pindexFork = pindex->pprev;
 500                         }
 501                         else
 502                             if (txFound.GetHash() != hashTx) // not a duplicate tx
 503                             {
 504                                 printf("LoadBlockIndex(): *** invalid tx position for %s\n", hashTx.ToString().c_str());
 505                                 pindexFork = pindex->pprev;
 506                             }
 507                     }
 508                     // check level 4: check whether spent txouts were spent within the main chain
 509                     unsigned int nOutput = 0;
 510                     if (nCheckLevel>3)
 511                     {
 512                         BOOST_FOREACH(const CDiskTxPos &txpos, txindex.vSpent)
 513                         {
 514                             if (!txpos.IsNull())
 515                             {
 516                                 pair<unsigned int, unsigned int> posFind = make_pair(txpos.nFile, txpos.nBlockPos);
 517                                 if (!mapBlockPos.count(posFind))
 518                                 {
 519                                     printf("LoadBlockIndex(): *** found bad spend at %d, hashBlock=%s, hashTx=%s\n", pindex->nHeight, pindex->GetBlockHash().ToString().c_str(), hashTx.ToString().c_str());
 520                                     pindexFork = pindex->pprev;
 521                                 }
 522                                 // check level 6: check whether spent txouts were spent by a valid transaction that consume them
 523                                 if (nCheckLevel>5)
 524                                 {
 525                                     CTransaction txSpend;
 526                                     if (!txSpend.ReadFromDisk(txpos))
 527                                     {
 528                                         printf("LoadBlockIndex(): *** cannot read spending transaction of %s:%i from disk\n", hashTx.ToString().c_str(), nOutput);
 529                                         pindexFork = pindex->pprev;
 530                                     }
 531                                     else if (!txSpend.CheckTransaction())
 532                                     {
 533                                         printf("LoadBlockIndex(): *** spending transaction of %s:%i is invalid\n", hashTx.ToString().c_str(), nOutput);
 534                                         pindexFork = pindex->pprev;
 535                                     }
 536                                     else
 537                                     {
 538                                         bool fFound = false;
 539                                         BOOST_FOREACH(const CTxIn &txin, txSpend.vin)
 540                                             if (txin.prevout.hash == hashTx && txin.prevout.n == nOutput)
 541                                                 fFound = true;
 542                                         if (!fFound)
 543                                         {
 544                                             printf("LoadBlockIndex(): *** spending transaction of %s:%i does not spend it\n", hashTx.ToString().c_str(), nOutput);
 545                                             pindexFork = pindex->pprev;
 546                                         }
 547                                     }
 548                                 }
 549                             }
 550                             nOutput++;
 551                         }
 552                     }
 553                 }
 554                 // check level 5: check whether all prevouts are marked spent
 555                 if (nCheckLevel>4)
 556                 {
 557                      BOOST_FOREACH(const CTxIn &txin, tx.vin)
 558                      {
 559                           CTxIndex txindex;
 560                           if (ReadTxIndex(txin.prevout.hash, txindex))
 561                               if (txindex.vSpent.size()-1 < txin.prevout.n || txindex.vSpent[txin.prevout.n].IsNull())
 562                               {
 563                                   printf("LoadBlockIndex(): *** found unspent prevout %s:%i in %s\n", txin.prevout.hash.ToString().c_str(), txin.prevout.n, hashTx.ToString().c_str());
 564                                   pindexFork = pindex->pprev;
 565                               }
 566                      }
 567                 }
 568             }
 569         }
 570     }
 571     if (pindexFork && !fRequestShutdown)
 572     {
 573         // Reorg back to the fork
 574         printf("LoadBlockIndex() : *** moving best chain pointer back to block %d\n", pindexFork->nHeight);
 575         CBlock block;
 576         if (!block.ReadFromDisk(pindexFork))
 577             return error("LoadBlockIndex() : block.ReadFromDisk failed");
 578         CTxDB txdb;
 579         block.SetBestChain(txdb, pindexFork);
 580     }
 581
 582     return true;
 583 }