1 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
4 # Electrum - lightweight Bitcoin client
5 # Copyright (C) 2011 thomasv@gitorious
7 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
8 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
9 # the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
10 # (at your option) any later version.
12 # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13 # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
15 # GNU General Public License for more details.
17 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
18 # along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
21 import hashlib, base64, ecdsa, re
23 from util import print_error
26 return s.decode('hex')[::-1].encode('hex')
28 def int_to_hex(i, length=1):
29 s = hex(i)[2:].rstrip('L')
30 s = "0"*(2*length - len(s)) + s
34 # https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Protocol_specification#Variable_length_integer
38 return "fd"+int_to_hex(i,2)
40 return "fe"+int_to_hex(i,4)
42 return "ff"+int_to_hex(i,8)
48 return '4c' + int_to_hex(i)
50 return '4d' + int_to_hex(i,2)
52 return '4e' + int_to_hex(i,4)
57 if type(x) is unicode: x=x.encode('utf-8')
58 return hashlib.sha256(hashlib.sha256(x).digest()).digest()
59 hash_encode = lambda x: x[::-1].encode('hex')
60 hash_decode = lambda x: x.decode('hex')[::-1]
62 hmac_sha_512 = lambda x,y: hmac.new(x, y, hashlib.sha512).digest()
63 mnemonic_hash = lambda x: hmac_sha_512("Bitcoin mnemonic", x).encode('hex')
65 # pywallet openssl private key implementation
67 def i2d_ECPrivateKey(pkey, compressed=False):
69 key = '3081d30201010420' + \
70 '%064x' % pkey.secret + \
71 'a081a53081a2020101302c06072a8648ce3d0101022100' + \
73 '3006040100040107042102' + \
79 key = '308201130201010420' + \
80 '%064x' % pkey.secret + \
81 'a081a53081a2020101302c06072a8648ce3d0101022100' + \
83 '3006040100040107044104' + \
90 return key.decode('hex') + i2o_ECPublicKey(pkey.pubkey, compressed)
92 def i2o_ECPublicKey(pubkey, compressed=False):
93 # public keys are 65 bytes long (520 bits)
94 # 0x04 + 32-byte X-coordinate + 32-byte Y-coordinate
95 # 0x00 = point at infinity, 0x02 and 0x03 = compressed, 0x04 = uncompressed
96 # compressed keys: <sign> <x> where <sign> is 0x02 if y is even and 0x03 if y is odd
98 if pubkey.point.y() & 1:
99 key = '03' + '%064x' % pubkey.point.x()
101 key = '02' + '%064x' % pubkey.point.x()
104 '%064x' % pubkey.point.x() + \
105 '%064x' % pubkey.point.y()
107 return key.decode('hex')
109 # end pywallet openssl private key implementation
113 ############ functions from pywallet #####################
115 def hash_160(public_key):
117 md = hashlib.new('ripemd160')
118 md.update(hashlib.sha256(public_key).digest())
122 md = ripemd.new(hashlib.sha256(public_key).digest())
126 def public_key_to_bc_address(public_key):
127 h160 = hash_160(public_key)
128 return hash_160_to_bc_address(h160)
130 def hash_160_to_bc_address(h160, addrtype = 0):
131 vh160 = chr(addrtype) + h160
133 addr = vh160 + h[0:4]
134 return b58encode(addr)
136 def bc_address_to_hash_160(addr):
137 bytes = b58decode(addr, 25)
138 return ord(bytes[0]), bytes[1:21]
140 def encode_point(pubkey, compressed=False):
141 order = generator_secp256k1.order()
142 p = pubkey.pubkey.point
143 x_str = ecdsa.util.number_to_string(p.x(), order)
144 y_str = ecdsa.util.number_to_string(p.y(), order)
146 return chr(2 + (p.y() & 1)) + x_str
148 return chr(4) + pubkey.to_string() #x_str + y_str
150 __b58chars = '123456789ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijkmnopqrstuvwxyz'
151 __b58base = len(__b58chars)
154 """ encode v, which is a string of bytes, to base58."""
157 for (i, c) in enumerate(v[::-1]):
158 long_value += (256**i) * ord(c)
161 while long_value >= __b58base:
162 div, mod = divmod(long_value, __b58base)
163 result = __b58chars[mod] + result
165 result = __b58chars[long_value] + result
167 # Bitcoin does a little leading-zero-compression:
168 # leading 0-bytes in the input become leading-1s
171 if c == '\0': nPad += 1
174 return (__b58chars[0]*nPad) + result
176 def b58decode(v, length):
177 """ decode v into a string of len bytes."""
179 for (i, c) in enumerate(v[::-1]):
180 long_value += __b58chars.find(c) * (__b58base**i)
183 while long_value >= 256:
184 div, mod = divmod(long_value, 256)
185 result = chr(mod) + result
187 result = chr(long_value) + result
191 if c == __b58chars[0]: nPad += 1
194 result = chr(0)*nPad + result
195 if length is not None and len(result) != length:
201 def EncodeBase58Check(vchIn):
203 return b58encode(vchIn + hash[0:4])
205 def DecodeBase58Check(psz):
206 vchRet = b58decode(psz, None)
216 def PrivKeyToSecret(privkey):
217 return privkey[9:9+32]
219 def SecretToASecret(secret, compressed=False, addrtype=0):
220 vchIn = chr((addrtype+128)&255) + secret
221 if compressed: vchIn += '\01'
222 return EncodeBase58Check(vchIn)
224 def ASecretToSecret(key, addrtype=0):
225 vch = DecodeBase58Check(key)
226 if vch and vch[0] == chr((addrtype+128)&255):
231 def regenerate_key(sec):
232 b = ASecretToSecret(sec)
236 secret = int('0x' + b.encode('hex'), 16)
237 return EC_KEY(secret)
239 def GetPubKey(pubkey, compressed=False):
240 return i2o_ECPublicKey(pubkey, compressed)
242 def GetPrivKey(pkey, compressed=False):
243 return i2d_ECPrivateKey(pkey, compressed)
246 return ('%064x' % pkey.secret).decode('hex')
248 def is_compressed(sec):
249 b = ASecretToSecret(sec)
253 def public_key_from_private_key(sec):
254 # rebuild public key from private key, compressed or uncompressed
255 pkey = regenerate_key(sec)
257 compressed = is_compressed(sec)
258 public_key = GetPubKey(pkey.pubkey, compressed)
259 return public_key.encode('hex')
262 def address_from_private_key(sec):
263 public_key = public_key_from_private_key(sec)
264 address = public_key_to_bc_address(public_key.decode('hex'))
269 ADDRESS_RE = re.compile('[1-9A-HJ-NP-Za-km-z]{26,}\\Z')
270 if not ADDRESS_RE.match(addr): return False
272 addrtype, h = bc_address_to_hash_160(addr)
275 return addr == hash_160_to_bc_address(h, addrtype)
278 ########### end pywallet functions #######################
281 from ecdsa.ecdsa import curve_secp256k1, generator_secp256k1
283 print "cannot import ecdsa.curve_secp256k1. You probably need to upgrade ecdsa.\nTry: sudo pip install --upgrade ecdsa"
285 from ecdsa.curves import SECP256k1
286 from ecdsa.util import string_to_number, number_to_string
288 def msg_magic(message):
289 varint = var_int(len(message))
290 encoded_varint = "".join([chr(int(varint[i:i+2], 16)) for i in xrange(0, len(varint), 2)])
292 return "\x18Bitcoin Signed Message:\n" + encoded_varint + message
295 def verify_message(address, signature, message):
297 EC_KEY.verify_message(address, signature, message)
299 except Exception as e:
300 print_error("Verification error: {0}".format(e))
305 class EC_KEY(object):
306 def __init__( self, secret ):
307 self.pubkey = ecdsa.ecdsa.Public_key( generator_secp256k1, generator_secp256k1 * secret )
308 self.privkey = ecdsa.ecdsa.Private_key( self.pubkey, secret )
311 def sign_message(self, message, compressed, address):
312 private_key = ecdsa.SigningKey.from_secret_exponent( self.secret, curve = SECP256k1 )
313 public_key = private_key.get_verifying_key()
314 signature = private_key.sign_digest_deterministic( Hash( msg_magic(message) ), hashfunc=hashlib.sha256, sigencode = ecdsa.util.sigencode_string )
315 assert public_key.verify_digest( signature, Hash( msg_magic(message) ), sigdecode = ecdsa.util.sigdecode_string)
317 sig = base64.b64encode( chr(27 + i + (4 if compressed else 0)) + signature )
319 self.verify_message( address, sig, message)
324 raise Exception("error: cannot sign message")
327 def verify_message(self, address, signature, message):
328 """ See http://www.secg.org/download/aid-780/sec1-v2.pdf for the math """
329 from ecdsa import numbertheory, ellipticcurve, util
331 curve = curve_secp256k1
332 G = generator_secp256k1
334 # extract r,s from signature
335 sig = base64.b64decode(signature)
336 if len(sig) != 65: raise Exception("Wrong encoding")
337 r,s = util.sigdecode_string(sig[1:], order)
339 if nV < 27 or nV >= 35:
340 raise Exception("Bad encoding")
349 x = r + (recid/2) * order
351 alpha = ( x * x * x + curve.a() * x + curve.b() ) % curve.p()
352 beta = msqr.modular_sqrt(alpha, curve.p())
353 y = beta if (beta - recid) % 2 == 0 else curve.p() - beta
354 # 1.4 the constructor checks that nR is at infinity
355 R = ellipticcurve.Point(curve, x, y, order)
356 # 1.5 compute e from message:
357 h = Hash( msg_magic(message) )
358 e = string_to_number(h)
360 # 1.6 compute Q = r^-1 (sR - eG)
361 inv_r = numbertheory.inverse_mod(r,order)
362 Q = inv_r * ( s * R + minus_e * G )
363 public_key = ecdsa.VerifyingKey.from_public_point( Q, curve = SECP256k1 )
364 # check that Q is the public key
365 public_key.verify_digest( sig[1:], h, sigdecode = ecdsa.util.sigdecode_string)
366 # check that we get the original signing address
367 addr = public_key_to_bc_address( encode_point(public_key, compressed) )
369 raise Exception("Bad signature")
372 ###################################### BIP32 ##############################
374 random_seed = lambda n: "%032x"%ecdsa.util.randrange( pow(2,n) )
375 BIP32_PRIME = 0x80000000
377 def bip32_init(seed):
379 seed = seed.decode('hex')
380 I = hmac.new("Bitcoin seed", seed, hashlib.sha512).digest()
382 master_secret = I[0:32]
383 master_chain = I[32:]
385 K, K_compressed = get_pubkeys_from_secret(master_secret)
386 return master_secret, master_chain, K, K_compressed
389 def get_pubkeys_from_secret(secret):
392 private_key = ecdsa.SigningKey.from_string( secret, curve = SECP256k1 )
393 public_key = private_key.get_verifying_key()
394 K = public_key.to_string()
395 K_compressed = GetPubKey(public_key.pubkey,True)
396 return K, K_compressed
403 from ecdsa.util import string_to_number, number_to_string
404 order = generator_secp256k1.order()
405 keypair = EC_KEY(string_to_number(k))
406 K = GetPubKey(keypair.pubkey,True)
409 data = chr(0) + k + rev_hex(int_to_hex(n,4)).decode('hex')
410 I = hmac.new(c, data, hashlib.sha512).digest()
412 I = hmac.new(c, K + rev_hex(int_to_hex(n,4)).decode('hex'), hashlib.sha512).digest()
414 k_n = number_to_string( (string_to_number(I[0:32]) + string_to_number(k)) % order , order )
419 def CKD_prime(K, c, n):
421 from ecdsa.util import string_to_number, number_to_string
422 order = generator_secp256k1.order()
424 if n & BIP32_PRIME: raise
426 K_public_key = ecdsa.VerifyingKey.from_string( K, curve = SECP256k1 )
427 K_compressed = GetPubKey(K_public_key.pubkey,True)
429 I = hmac.new(c, K_compressed + rev_hex(int_to_hex(n,4)).decode('hex'), hashlib.sha512).digest()
432 pubkey_point = string_to_number(I[0:32])*curve.generator + K_public_key.pubkey.point
433 public_key = ecdsa.VerifyingKey.from_public_point( pubkey_point, curve = SECP256k1 )
435 K_n = public_key.to_string()
436 K_n_compressed = GetPubKey(public_key.pubkey,True)
439 return K_n, K_n_compressed, c_n
443 def bip32_private_derivation(k, c, branch, sequence):
444 assert sequence.startswith(branch)
445 sequence = sequence[len(branch):]
446 for n in sequence.split('/'):
448 n = int(n[:-1]) + BIP32_PRIME if n[-1] == "'" else int(n)
450 K, K_compressed = get_pubkeys_from_secret(k)
451 return k.encode('hex'), c.encode('hex'), K.encode('hex'), K_compressed.encode('hex')
454 def bip32_public_derivation(c, K, branch, sequence):
455 assert sequence.startswith(branch)
456 sequence = sequence[len(branch):]
457 for n in sequence.split('/'):
459 K, cK, c = CKD_prime(K, c, n)
461 return c.encode('hex'), K.encode('hex'), cK.encode('hex')
464 def bip32_private_key(sequence, k, chain):
466 k, chain = CKD(k, chain, i)
467 return SecretToASecret(k, True)
472 ################################## transactions
474 MIN_RELAY_TX_FEE = 10000
478 def test_bip32(seed, sequence):
481 see https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/BIP_0032_TestVectors
484 master_secret, master_chain, master_public_key, master_public_key_compressed = bip32_init(seed)
486 print "secret key", master_secret.encode('hex')
487 print "chain code", master_chain.encode('hex')
489 key_id = hash_160(master_public_key_compressed)
490 print "keyid", key_id.encode('hex')
492 print "address", hash_160_to_bc_address(key_id)
493 print "secret key", SecretToASecret(master_secret, True)
499 for n in sequence.split('/'):
501 print "Chain [%s]" % '/'.join(s)
503 n = int(n[:-1]) + BIP32_PRIME if n[-1] == "'" else int(n)
504 k0, c0 = CKD(k, c, n)
505 K0, K0_compressed = get_pubkeys_from_secret(k0)
508 print " * (main addr)", hash_160_to_bc_address(hash_160(K0_compressed))
511 print " * (hex)", k0.encode('hex')
512 print " * (wif)", SecretToASecret(k0, True)
515 print " * (hex)", c0.encode('hex')
524 if __name__ == '__main__':
525 test_bip32("000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f", "0'/1/2'/2/1000000000")
526 test_bip32("fffcf9f6f3f0edeae7e4e1dedbd8d5d2cfccc9c6c3c0bdbab7b4b1aeaba8a5a29f9c999693908d8a8784817e7b7875726f6c696663605d5a5754514e4b484542","0/2147483647'/1/2147483646'/2")